Qvc Case Analysis Essay

Case QVC Author: NA HG495 – Case Analysis Instructor: NA Abstract This case analysis will be focused on the company QVC (Quality, Value, and Convenience). We will perform an analysis review, which, will provide a comprehensive insight into the company’s historical and current business structures, strategies and efficiencies in their operations. It will include a detailed SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) (Humphrey) and the primary activities of the Value Chain Analysis (Porter), to provide greater insight into the firms’ competitive advantage. These key concepts will be used to analyze QVC’s business model, define potential challenges and initiate a plan of execution. We will then recommend solutions such as advocating products with higher profit margins, finding evolving technologies and untapped markets and streamlining logistics. These strategies would expand the customer base and create higher ROI (Return of Investment), positioning the company towards timely growth. Introduction: QVC is a multimedia retailer, specializing in televised home shopping, broadcasting in five countries (US, UK, Germany, Japan and, Italy), 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to over 90 million households in the United States and 160 million homes worldwide. They offer a wide range of products with over 1500 major brands and 50,000 products, including beauty, fashion and accessories, jewelry, craft and leisure, home electronics, garden, and do-it-yourself (DIY), and clearance goods. The company has store operations in the US, which includes Delaware and Pennsylvania. QVC also has a lucrative website called iQVC (www. qvc. com) that generates over 1 billion of sales on its Internet operations. Since it was launched in 1986; QVC has rapidly grown to become the largest television shopping network. By 2006, its reach had extended to over 95 percent of all U. S. cable homes, as well as, over 25 million satellite homes. It shipped over 140 million packages during 2006 to customers around the world, resulting in almost $7. 1 billion in sales and over 1 billion operating profit. Sales were made to over 10 million customers, who watched its shows across the US, UK, Germany, Japan and Italy. Problem: Doug Rose, QVC’s vice president of merchandising brand development, claims that the interactivity in all aspects of the firm’s business and operations, including its television shopping channel, will need to become more pronounced. Making it easier for customers to act on what they see. QVC believes that it still has a lot of room to grow, since only about 2% to 3% of its television viewers currently purchase at any given time. Bringing that percentage higher is the main problem that affects the major revenue stream and would require an internal/external analysis (balance scorecard) to bring in new viewers/customers to purchase their products. There are other challenges that can attribute to generating more revenue, such as, selling products with higher margins and offering shopping channels to customers outside North America. They could also add more interactive features that would allow more access.

Family Systems theory Essay

Why study families? †¢Traditional psychology – problem an individual one – Externalise distress – act out – Internalise distress – withdraw Theorists – Psychoanalytic – e.g Freud – fixated at a phase due to trauma and regress to this level – Behaviourists – e.g learn inappropriate response – Attachment – insecure primary attachment †¢Sociological perspective Bronfenbrenner’s model – ecological approach a)Life cycle stresses b)Stresses related to cultural expectations c)Stresses related to historical time d)Random fate e)Stress reactions which create more stress Does research support the sociological viewpoint? YES – Distress related to lack of social support – Overcrowded housing, father in gaol, depressed mother – Parental stress & maternal negativity plus child temperament – Poverty What is family’s position in the sociological model? – most influential part of child’s social context – buffer between child and outside world – serves to protect or expose child – usually positive Do families need support? – Bronfenbrenner’s model less applicable now? – Less sense of community – Increased fragmentation How do families work? Can be seen as a system – stress -> distress – child most likely to be the distressed person as most powerless Basic premises Circulatory causation – interactive model Non-summativity – whole more than sum of parts Communication – feeling and content Governed by rules – spoken or understood Homeostasis – in some sort of balance Morphogenesis – flexibility to respond to change How do you measure family relationships? Research relies on two dimensions – Affection (aka warmth, acceptance, cohesion, closeness) Disengaged————-OK—————-Enmeshed Acceptance – Control (aka power, autonomy, flexibility) Neglect——————-OK—————–Rigid Autonomy What happens when families get stressed? Timberlawn studies (Walsh 1993) Optimal families †¢Strong, warm relationships especially marital one †¢See causes and effects as circulatory †¢See events as multi-causative. †¢Actively involved in world outside family †¢Negotiate effectively †¢Feelings and thoughts expressed and accepted †¢Little blame or personal attack †¢See human nature as benign – do best in a situation †¢Flexible – adjust to new situations ADEQUATE FAMILIES Seek control rather than intimacy †¢Centripetal Rule bound Enmeshed Power battles Scapegoating Severe – eg sects †¢Centrifugal More comfortable with negative feelings Blame and attack Children expected to be independent early Material wealth takes preference over relationships Extreme – chaotic, intimidating, very unstable How can early childhood educators help? Recognise difficulties Emotionally supporting Referring on Information Helping with children if in crisis

First impressions Essay

In my opinion it is your first impression of something that ultimately gives you the perfect vantage point in which to accurately assume the true nature of something. Your notion of this something is then unaffected or swayed by any outside sources or by second guessing yourself. Upon first experiencing this first time offered course, I immediately felt right at home concerning the direction in which the course was headed and also with the enthusiasm and involvement of the professor. The first class began as any other, anxiously awaiting an unknown professor and the educational information he bears. With a proverbial collective sigh of relief, the class was greeted with a pleasant professor offering a most interesting lesson plan on the writing in the discipline of psychology. After welcomed introductions class was underway and a new appreciation for my major was attained. Our first homework assignment required us to read and analyze an article entitled â€Å"Making Science Understandable to a Broad Audience† by Richard Reis. The article portrays the notion that we as those in search of educational advancement must accommodate the manner in which we write for individuals many whom are otherwise unaware. This piece I believe sets the tone for this course in its entirety and my perceptions as to what is seeks to achieve, in that to truly know and understand an idea or concept one must have the ability to correctly perceive and present information of the utmost importance to the vast majority. Throughout my college career I have strived to put forth my best effort and achieve a great standing in all my courses. I plan on not doing any different here, so upon perusing the course syllabus I noticed many assignments wherein groups were involved. In my past experience, sadly I have had many instances in which fellow group members became ‘clingers’ to my dedicated work whilst I labored on it. Assignments listed as anything prefaced by the dreaded utterance â€Å"Group,† made me question my position here. Despite my reservations I believe that those fellow students in my class are just as dedicated as I and wish to succeed just as much. Without further explanation of the group work involved, much of it looks fairly familiar to projects that I have done in past classes both in college and high school concerning poster presentations and literature reviews. My worries, other than those aforementioned, lie in the â€Å"Individual Components† of the course description and what they might entail. At least for me, when work pertaining to that of doling out constructive criticism is required I simply feel inadequate in telling others how to go about their work. Other than that one hiccup, the rest of the work to be done individually seems common or at least manageable. In the past I have kept a record or journal of daily events of significance, in that I can see doing well in keeping a research journal. Being accustomed to modern times and technology use should help serve me in using the â€Å"Learning E-Portfolios,† and submitting assignments online. My major is in psychology and therefore have read extensively on the subject as well as taken previous writing courses, all of which will hopefully aid me in doing well this semester. I feel as though this course will play towards my strengths and will be successful overall. Although, I do not expect to go without surprises, I trust this course to challenge my writing ability as well as my grasp on psychology ASSIGNMENT REFLECTION FORM 1. How would you describe your experience in working on this assignment (Was it difficult to begin? Did the ideas come easily or with difficulty? What obstacles did you face in the process of writing? How long did it take you?)? A: As with any paper, I found it slightly difficult to begin because I enjoy taking the time to organize my thoughts into a cohesive and coherent piece. In the writing process I found it difficult to completely fulfill the requirements in that the book contained in the courses required reading section had been backordered and in an attempt to continue, I had purchased a copy on Amazon.com and am sadly still awaiting its arrival. From beginning to end this essay took me around two hours to complete in its entirety. 2. What do you see as the strengths of this paper? A: I believe the strengths of this paper to be my honesty involving the course. It may or may not help with improvements and or changes in future assignments and course direction. 3. What do you see as areas for improvement in the paper? A: Not to sound clichà © but I believe that all papers still require improvement. No matter how many edits or drafts it takes there will always be one idea or point that may have been over expressed or a central one that had been simply left out completely. I may need to improve upon my ordering or overall flow of my paper to achieve a better read. 4. What did you learn (about yourself, the subject, writing, or reading) from doing this assignment? A: While writing this piece I learned that I truly enjoy expressing myself through writing. Although I consider myself to have a limited vocabulary I find nothing more exciting than to surprise someone with my work.

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example Contingency leadership Contingency theory of leadership emphasizes that effective leadership depends on matching a  leader’s  style  to the appropriate situation (Da Cruz et al, 2011, p 7). The theory  is based  on the assumption that people’s styles and behaviours cannot be influenced or modified in any way. The  leadership  theory  is formed  by a combination of three factors, which are, leader-member relation,  task  structure and positional power (Da Cruz et al, 2011, p.9). Leader-member  relation  measures  acceptance  between all hierarchies within the organization where  acceptance  is determined  by trust, confidence a  feeling  of adequacy and  motivation  by leaders. In relation to  task  structure, it refers to a measure of clarity that a project or a defined task carries and the methods used to  achieve  the product. These allows progress to be tracked, this is because of the  presence  of clear guideli nes as to how a task should be performed. Positional power, on the other hand, is a measure of the amount of  authority  that a leader has, ad its ability to influence the  productivity  of the workers. This is in reference to the ability that a leader when it comes to reward and punishment. It also has a  part  in hierarchies where the workers  are required  to report to their leaders. ... on, in order to exert influence on one’s workers or followers, there is the need to  use  people skills and communicative skills in order to  influence  the outcome of their followers (Da Cruz, 2011, P. 17). Concerning contingency theory, there are several groupings of leaders and their  outright  performance  situations based on the power and  influence  they exert. The theory proposes that a  task-oriented leader stands a better chance at getting better performance due to its dynamic nature. The  nature  is it can be used when there is too much  control  or too little control over workers. In addition, in positions where a  leader  has  moderate  power, the theory proposes that  best  performance  is yielded  for  relationship-oriented leaders. Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is a leadership  style  in which leaders and followers  elevate  each other to levels above  present  level of  morali ty. In order to account for  power,  influence  and  leadership  in transformational leadership, it  is based  on four components. Influence  is exerted  on followers or workers according to how admirably the  leader  behaves. This, in turn, has an  influence  on the followers on whether they would like to emulate them (Hoffman et al., 2011, p. 781). Leaders in this theory  follow  a set of  clear  values that they  demonstrate  in their actions. This allows the  leader  to be a role model for their followers creating trust between leaders and followers. Therefore, the leader does not just  wield  the  power  to  lead  his or her followers but works by appealing to their values to the followers.   However, the leadership style holds an unethical edge, as unscrupulous leaders to suit their own purpose or personal interests can exploit it. Therefore, it

Human resources case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resources - Case Study Example This method does not require that all these sources be included but the more they are the better. Certainly, there are no known legal limits to the sources of rating that may be invoked in the evaluation of performance. Research indicates that the multiple-input approach has more accuracy and reliability in the final information provided (Bracken et al, 15). Top generate proper feedback it is necessary to ensure that the organisations culture and mission are considered since the purpose of feedback will differ with each sources. The Centre for Persons with Disabilities has a reputation of being an objective and goal oriented institution whose mission is to improve the lives of persons with disabilities as wells the affected families. The institution invests in research, education and training, demonstration services as well as technical assistance. The information gathered from the research is used as a platform for the diagnosis accommodation correction of the various body challenges. It also allows the families to leant new methods and ways of accommodations the affected persons challenge into their daily lives. The education and training aspect ensures that the service providers and families are equipped with techniques of dealing and managing the conditions. Any employee’s evaluation will therefore have to fall in line with the mentioned objectives of the institution to pass for good performance. Julie Williams works at The Centre for Persons with Disabilities as a clerk in the Interdisciplinary Training Division, and she helps children with disabilities to improve their learning process, and will collect data by conducting over the phone surveys, mailing out surveys, possibly emailing surveys. The phone surveys will allow the evaluation to have an interpersonal perspective with the various sources. It allows the evaluation to take into consideration the feeling of

The Background of the Technology - Annotated Bibliography Research Paper

The Background of the Technology - Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example This resource has a twice-monthly publication, focused conference series and custom research form the hub of the worlds largest global IT media network. All this information has helped in compiling my data required especially about the new launches and their social, legal and ethical aspects. InfoWorld is the principal source of information on rising enterprise technologies, and the only trade name that explains to senior technology decision makers how these technologies work, and how they can use them to drive their business. All such information has proved to be of great help while compiling my developments and benefits of new advances section. This online resource has also helped me in discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology. Moreover, this link has helped me in covering social, legal, ethical and security aspects, along with the hurdles which are being faced in order to make this technology as a success. The main questions which will be discussed in my literature review are: the background of the technology itself, in-detail discussion of the topic along with its history and advancements is obtained from this resource.

Coursework on back pain Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On back pain - Coursework Example Acute low back pain usually refers to a period of less than two to four weeks. There are various diagnostic groupings for patients with low back pain. The classifications center on clinical findings, history of patient and response to treatment. Mechanical causes involving the spine are the etiology for most patients with acute low back pain. This is because of the weak link between symptoms, examination results, and anatomic change. Diagnosis of non-mechanical causes such as an infection or cancer has greater certainty but signifies a small portion of acute low back in primary care (Willis, 1999). A patient’s history and physical examination largely determines the extent to which a caregiver searches for a precise diagnosis. History and physical examination helps identify patient’s exposure to the risk of low back pain and those with neurologic compromise that warrants thorough evaluation and treatment. Furthermore, history and physical examination of patients helps in identifying issues that may affect choice of therapy or prolong pain (Swezey, 2006). Clinicians should follow relevant guidelines to boost the appropriateness of diagnostic testing in primary evaluation of patients with acute low back pain. A short physical exam is necessary since most patients do not report all symptoms or other risk issues relating to the low back pain. For instance, for efficient assessment, patients should be standing for posture, flexibility, and spine symmetry. On the other hand, assessment of the hip for range motion and pain is necessary for back pain with groin symptoms (Waddell, 1996). History and physical examination also helps in identification of patients at high risk for persistent symptoms due to psychological and social factors. For instance, histories of depression, substance abuse, or socio-economic status are consistent with persistence of low back pain. Early identification of these factors can boost the outcome of care. Some strategies

NIE National Intelligence Estimates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

NIE National Intelligence Estimates - Essay Example Summary This section of my paper will be a summary of the article â€Å"Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress†.1 National Intelligence Estimates (NIE’s) entail the collection or analysis of trends that are difficult and extensive to understand. This complex, estimative analysis report explores Congress efforts, under the guise of oversight, which can dilute or distort the NIE so as not to be true and accurate assessments. The scope and political influences from a variety of sources can be a bone of contention between the intelligence communities (IC) and Congress. The article describes many historically compiled examples unraveling the limitations faced by the NIE processes. NIE typically tries to cull out estimations from quite broad and extensive conclusions. However, some of the processes involve a single agency and do not intend to divulge any specific sources owing to a sense of mistrust. Considering this reluctance on the part of an administration which h olds a specific policy, may end up in a â€Å"watering down† of the conclusions so as to avoid possible controversies. As a result, a skeptical Congress has, over time, become more demanding with its insistence and request for the completed analyses. This distrust has lead to multiple efforts to pass legislations which accrue more authority to the Congress. Examples include the constant alterations into the Defense Authorization Act and the approval processes for the associated agencies such as the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) Without question, the scope of discontent cited in the article includes the aftermath of Iraq’s WMD Program. The article reported the well documented problems with the IC that place a great reliance on limited information, thereby resulting in wrong conclusions. Again, the findings listed in the article mention a shift in the scope and direction of the new global threat of terrorism. The current and perceived threats faced by the U.S. encourage the passing of new polices like the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. This act enunciated new guidelines that NIE must follow in the future to avoid the repetition of the mistakes made in the past. However, much terminology inherent in the language of the act is quite problematic and difficult to interpret. The article concludes with the ongoing oversights incumbent on the future NIEs so that they may better understand Iran’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The report conveys the importance of key judgments which are included in the 2007 NIE report. The report, â€Å"Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities†, highlights a shift which in a way oversimplifies a new narrative. These judgments were included by the Director of the DNI and placed in the ‘UNCLASSIFIED’ version .This new story line no way changes the importance or the goals of the NIE, except for suggesting some changes in the mechanisms resorted to while interacting with the public. Analysis Overview In this section, I will develop an analytical response to the article in which I will offer further historical and contextual possibilities that may exemplify how the Congressional processes could be harmful. Specifically, I will address the varied issues that can have a negative impact on the customer-analyst interaction. To understand this potential non-productive interaction, the NIE has engaged in a series of collaborations

The HIstory of Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The HIstory of Slavery - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that its legacy continues to be a matter of dispute among scholars and the basis for contemporary debates about public policy. This is because slavery is considered the classic expression of American racism, and its effects are still perceived as the roots of the problems faced by blacks in the United States. Slavery seems to be the wound that never healed that has become the moral core of the oppression story so fundamental to the identity of blacks today. It is not surprising that the bitterness generated by recollections of slavery has turned a generation of black scholars and activists against the nation's Founding which in turn is against identification with America itself.This study discusses that  in America, although there were many among them who shared prevailing prejudices against blacks, the abolitionist movement contained the first antiracists. Prominent abolitionists agreed that blacks were civilizationally inferior and incapable of ruling themselves. But they agreed that black inferiority is no justification for slavery; rather, it is the product of slavery itself. Some abolitionists propagated the idea of helping blacks to resettle in Africa, but those who recognized the implausibility of such schemes opined that blacks were capable of living as free people.  In order to directly rebut the Southern argument that blacks were better off being ruled by a â€Å"superior† race, abolitionists began an inconspicuous quest for intelligent blacks. who would be standing refutations of theories of intrinsic inferiority. Although the issue of diminishing manpower arose along with anti-slavery campaigns, yet at one point, some 400,000 Britons were refusing to eat slave-grown sugar. There were antislavery committees in practically every town in the British Isles. In 1792, 390,000 people signed protest petitions to Parliament on the subject. And the House of Commons unanimously voted to abolish the slave trade. Unfortunately, The House of Lords refused, and British slave ships continued to cross the Atlantic. Nevertheless, a great movement was under way, and ultimately with the powerful help of huge slave rebellions in the West Indies, slavery came to a stop in the British Empire a full quarter century before it did in the United States. The British antislavery movement not only initiated with astounding suddenness, it pioneered virtually every major technique of political organization used even to this date like consumer boycott, answer a direct mail appeal, put up a political poster, paste the logo of an environmental group on transport vehicles, or join a national lobbying

Economic and Monetary Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Economic and Monetary Union - Essay Example Nevertheless both developed quickly back to the former patterns. On the divergent, this paper would find evidence of a decline in the resolution of the inflation progression in the mid-1990s. This also would be evidenced due to a structural alteration in private inflationary prospect due to policies associated to the groundwork of EMU. Regression Model analysis also been adjusted for Statistical analysis using an OLS- and a 2SLS. Main focus of the paper has addressed the question - How joining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union affects Inflation Joining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union has great prospect on decision-making structure of monetary policymaking. The political culture of monetary union posed on stability from Inflation. Legitimately countries those who prefer price stability at the expense of growth have dominated monetary union. These preferences shaped the base of monetary union where various institutions intent to protect this interest through price stability. Supporting aspects of monetary integration have shaped it hard to strictly enforce. The battle for price stability in relation to growth continues to be waged despite has gained apparent victory. The inclusion of the joining countries will impact on the institutional structure of the European Central Bank (ECB). The alliances have formed to promote and block certain policies. The alliances would be bent based on the extent of their economies may benefit more. The continued emphasis of stability has a more flexible bargain for its faster growth rate. Similar decisions have a credibility impact on the efficiency of EMU to play a more vigorous role in international monetary arena. This study would go to investigate how joining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union affects Inflation among the existing member countries and contrasting the incentives for accession countries. This paper would go to represent the analysis within three aspects as - Econometric models. Focus on analysis of data, Statistical techniques, The determinants of EMU historically extraordinary improvements are numerous and complex. The main motivation for joining EMU was the desire of being part of an area of monetary stability for most participating countries after long period of high and variable inflation among themselves. The aim of this paper is to investigate the joining Europe's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) had any effect on the dynamics of inflation in the countries involved. This question is very significant in quite a few respects. EMU involved the preface of a new currency 'euro' among 12 member countries and created the new central bank responsible for organising and implementing a single

Strategic Analysis of Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Analysis of Apple - Essay Example The company is also the second largest publicly traded company in terms of market capitalization. As of 2012, the company had 394 retail stores spread throughout the world (Apple Store, 2012). The total revenue of the company for the financial year 2011-12 is $156.508 billion and the net income was $ 41.733 billion. The current employee strength of the company is around 72,800 people and has presence in many parts of the world (Golson, 2012). Some of the competitors of the company are Samsung, Nokia, LG, and Motorola among the others (NASDAQ, 2012; Gallo, 2012). This report will analyse the issues Apple is currently facing and also how the company is dealing with it. It will be divided into 5 sections; the first and second section will cover the external and internal analysis of the company. The third and fourth section will shed light on the challenges faced by the company and how they are dealing with it. Finally, the last section will conclude the project. Part I – External analysis The external analysis of a company is about analysing the external business environment of a company (Monczka, 2000). In order analyse the same, the report will use PEST analysis and Porter’s five forces analysis. PEST Analysis Political factors: - The technology businesses remain highly dependent upon the political scenario of a country. Moreover, it also needs to depend on the rules and regulations of the operating country. However, the government of USA has always encouraged products which are innovative and trendy. Moreover, the political scenario of the country is highly stable which provides an opportunity for the company to further develop its R&D infrastructure and come up with innovative products. Economical factors: - USA is considered as one of the richest nations of the world. The total GDP of the country is 15.09 trillion and the per capita income is $ 49,800 (CIA, 2013). The figures clearly reflect that the country is economically stable. Moreover, the disposable income of the US population is also high. Hence, it provides a great opportunity for Apple to get success with its high range products. Hence the economic condition of USA is extremely favourable for Apple. Social factors: - The total population of USA is 316,668,567 and the total urban population is 82%. Another positive aspect is that the rate of urbanization is 1.2 % (CIA, 2013). Hence, Apple with its high end products holds great chances of success in the US market. In addition, US population is also considered as tech-savvy which again acts as a positive factor for the company. Technological factors: - The market for mobile phones, laptop and tablets are growing at a rapid pace in USA which acts a favourable factor for Apple. In addition, information and communication infrastructure of USA is very strong which fosters research and development function of Apple. Industry Analysis (Porter’s Five Forces) Force Intensity Description Buyer’s Power High Due to the presence of a large number of established players in the market, users have the widest range of options. This increases the bargaining power of buyers. Supplier’s Power Moderate The suppliers of Apple include Intel, IBM, Motorola, Sony and Disney among others (Satariano, Burrows and

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay Example for Free

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay In the twentieth century, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a competition called the Space Race. This was a race to who would be the first country to send a rocket and a human being up into space. Although the Soviet Union was the first to send both a rocket and a human up into space, the United States successfully carried out a space mission called Project Mercury. Project Mercury was carried out in 1959 and came to a conclusion in 1963. It was the first human spaceflight program that was undertaken by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). From when it was first introduced, to when the space mission was carried out, and when it had succumbed to its end, Project Mercury became an important mission which left one of the greatest legacies in United States history. In the initiation of Project Mercury, the government began a search for seven great Americans who would become United Statess first astronauts. To be considered for the position, the Americans had to meet some requirements, which were as follows: needed to be test pilots, needed to be no taller than 511, needed to weigh no more than 180 pounds, needed to be under the age of forty, needed to have a Bachelors degree or equivalent, have 1,500 hours of flying time, and have qualifications for flying jets. In addition to the requirements, the pilots had to go through rigorous testing and training that would assure that they were capable handling problems the spacecraft and the flight may pose on them. Out of the handful of pilots who met these requirements, only seven were chosen to become Americas first astronauts who were Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, and Deke Slayton. Since these flights were going to be manned, NASA contracted Max Faget as the primary designer, along with a team of engineers to build the Mercury Spacecraft. Its design was a cone-shaped one-man capsule with a cylinder mounted on top. Two meters (6 ft, 10 in) long, 1.9 meters (6 ft, 2 1/2 in) in diameter, a 5.8 meter (19 ft, 2 in) escape tower was fastened to the cylinder of the capsule. The blunt end was covered with an ablative heat shield to protect it against the 3000 degree heat of entry into the atmosphere (Mercury Spacecraft). This design would be the first capsule that would go up into space. Project Mercury was finally undertaken after all of the seven American Astronauts were physically and mentally prepared, the spacecraft was built, and the rockets were safe to launch. Before America could send the first human up into space, they needed to make sure that the rocket was not going to blow up as it had done in launch tests. Engineers and scientists were working hard to accomplish this, but trial after trial, the rockets were always blowing up. Finally, NASA was able to perfect the rocket, and on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard was the first American to be launched into space on the spacecraft called Freedom 7. This event was one of the greatest moments for America which anticipated further launches into space to explore what is beyond Earths atmosphere. The second flight was manned by Gus Grissom who was launched into space on the spacecraft called Liberty Bell on July 21, 1961. He successfully was able to complete a suborbital flight, but as he landed, his spacecraft hatch blew open and NASA was not able to recover the spacecraft. The first American to orbit the Earth was the third flight using the Friendship 7 spacecraft that was manned by John Glenn on February 20, 1962. He was only able to orbit the Earth three times due to concerns about the spacecrafts heat shield. Then, on May 15, 1963, Gordon Cooper became the first American to be in space for over a day and successfully orbited the Earth twenty-two times using the Faith 7 spacecraft. He was also the last American astronaut to be launched into space alone. Ultimately, Project Mercury came to its end creating one of the greatest legacies of United States history. The overall cost for Project Mercury added up to $1.6 billion in inflation-adjusted dollars (Program Cost). There are numerous legacies that Project Mercury left to Americans. One of those legacies is the will of America to continue the space programs after President John F. Kennedy said that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth (President Kennedys Challenge). Also, Project Mercurys greatest legacy is that it was United States first successful human spaceflight program. Project Mercury also influenced author Tom Wolfe who wrote the book The Right Stuff, which was later developed into a movie directed by Philip Kaufman. In conclusion, from the inception and up to the end of the space program, Project Mercury was a prominent accomplishment for the United States, leaving one of the greatest legacies for America. It changed the game of how America would accomplish its goals of becoming the first country to send an astronaut to the moon. At the end, the seven American astronauts who were chosen to be part of the space program will always be part of United States history and Project Mercury will continue to be the reason for where we are today pertaining to Americas advanced space program.

Practical Barriers to Healthcare Provisions in New Zealand

Practical Barriers to Healthcare Provisions in New Zealand 5. Write a comparative analysis about the practical barriers that exist in the healthcare provisions in New Zealand and in those of one overseas country of your choice through using the following determinants: a. Safety issue New Zealand According to the organization of GNS Science, as faults lines are running under New Zealand, more than 15,000 earthquakes happened per annum. Therefore, New Zealand is threatened by the risk of several magnitude 6 earthquakes once a year, which might cause a lot of damages to inhabited areas. J.K. Mclntosh et al (2012), reported the 22nd February 2011, Mw 6.3 Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand caused major damage to not only infrastructures, but also to the healthcare system of Canterbury region. It is often said that big natural disasters will bring confusions and disorganizes to healthcare system, for example, damaging to facilities, shutting down of lifeline, running of medicine, shortage of human power, and increasing of patients, consequently, it is one of the major safety issue in New Zealand. India According to the website of Indian Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, the lack of amenities, in particular, sanitation is a major public health issue in India. Inadequate sanitation system causes public health issue, for example, diarrhoeas and respiratory infections. Additionally, a person whose immune system is weak is easily to be infected by these diseases, and areas where are not urbanised are more lacking of infrastructures. Generally, once they are in sick, they tend to be in critical conditions, and take long time to be recovered. In India, some inhabitants suffer from unavoidable disease, because of lacking of sanitary conditions. b. Geographical barriers New Zealand In New Zealand, some regions, such as the Far North District and Southland District, a variety numbers of inhabitants need more than 30 minutes to visit GP. Therefore, it is possible to say that some remote rural areas have a difficulty to access to GP due to geographical isolation. This barrier is revealed to The New Zealand Health Survey, which is conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011/12. According to this survey, 3.4% of New Zealanders did not visit GP, because of lacking of transportation, consequently, the distance to GP prevents from visiting GP. Furthermore, some people would visit GP after symptoms and the stage of illness become worse, and as a result, some of them might not be received effective treatments. India Looking at geographical feature of India, the safety of India is threatened by new clear weapons, which Pakistan and China posse, and to make the matter worse, the relationship between India and Pakistan is intense. Moreover, India has 19 nuclear plants, so it obtains a highly risk of nuclear power both inside and outside of country. Therefore, if there will be an explosion of nuclear weapons at outside of country or some damages to nuclear plats will occur accidentally in India, the land will be contaminated. Furthermore, not only inhabitants, but also healthcare providers will be exposed to radiation. When these situations will happen in the future, hospitals will be the frontline of treatment, and it will affect huge impact to provision of healthcare in India. c. Cultural barriers New Zealand According to the website of Ministry of Social Development, the ethnic diversity of New Zealand’s population will continue to increase, and, in particular Asian population is projected to have the largest growth, averaging 3.4 %, annually. Therefore, the number of people whose first language is not English is increasing in New Zealand. For non-English speakers, language is the biggest barrier to communicate when they have medical treatment. For international patients, it is difficult to tell details of symptoms and to use medical terminologies when they need to talk to healthcare providers. Therefore, for both patients and healthcare providers, language is the biggest barrier to receive effective treatments. India In India, people, particularly living in rural areas generally have their own beliefs and practices pertaining health, and some tribe groups still believe that disease comes from violation of taboos and breach of spirits. Furthermore, some of them follow treatment, which has no evidence and inherited mouth by mouth. Therefore, it might have difficulty to intervene for healthcare providers if people strongly follow their own thoughts and beliefs. d. Socioeconomic barriers New Zealand The New Zealand Health Survey, which is conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011/12 revealed that 14% of New Zealanders did not use GP service, although they had medical issues. In addition, 7% of adults did not used after-hour services, and 8% of adult did not collect prescription items. The main reason of this is especially for people from low socioeconomic group, it is difficult to afford medical cost. However, medicines are subsidized for people only need to pay relatively small amount for each prescription. Moreover, to compare to the percentage of above percentages between Maori and non-Maori, Maori registered highly percentages in each category. The root of this result is because of lower income and highly unemployment rate of Maori compared with other ethnic groups, and it becomes obstacles of visiting GP and collecting necessary medicines. To sum up, financial issue is the biggest barrier for people who are necessary to visit hospital and to take medicines. India In India, there is a huge gap of the number of medical facilities between urban areas and rural areas. Aust. J. (2002) indicated that 69% of hospitals are located in urban areas, however, the population of rural areas are three times than that of urban areas, and in urban are the majority of inhabitants are people from low socioeconomic groups. Aust. J (2012) insisted that ‘the basic nature of rural health problems is attributed also to lack of health knowledge and awareness, poor maternal and child health services and occupational hazards.’ Additionally, the rural area, their living and working conditions are abysmal, so that they are relatively straightforward to become victims of pandemics of diseases. To make the matter worse, even if they become a sick, they are not able to afford medical cost. In India, the socioeconomic gap is the big barrier, which exists in healthcare practice, and some causes of death are preventable. e. Organizational barriers New Zealand In New Zealand, ambulance service is mainly operated by St John, which is not fully funded by the government. According to the article of The Press (2014), ‘St John is being forced to reshuffle its limited ambulance resources in an attempt to shoulder ballooning demand and multimillion-dollar funding shortfalls.’ The background of this issue is that New Zealand is an aging society, therefore, a lot of elderly people have conical illnesses, and, then, demands of ambulance has been increasing. However, St John is a charity organisation, their funds and resources are limited. Therefore, it might cause the slower response to arrival time of an ambulance, in particular, rural areas. It is often said that in case of emergency, how quickly patients are received medical services is vital to be rescued, so, slow response affects directly to city dwellers’ lives. India Dr. Mohammad Akram (2013) mentioned the situation of sanitation in India at the conference of Sociology of Sanitation National Conference. According to him, 55% of population has no access to toilet in India, and most of them are living in slums and rural areas. In many developed countries, the sanitation is the first priority that the authority organized. However, in India, the interest of public health system was weaker than to be grown up economically, and the policy makers of government were not attracted by sanitation. The government has a power to make policies but if members of the government are not aware of importance of it, it becomes obstruct to improve the satiation and condition. (1254 words) References: Website: GNS Science. (n.d.). Earthquakes and Faults. Retrieved from http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-and-Faults Map of India. (n.d.) New Clear Plants in India. Retrieved from http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/nuclearpowerplants.htm Ministry of Social Development. (2010). Ethnic composition of the population. Retrieved fromhttp://www.socialreport.msd.govt.nz/people/ethnic-composition-population.html Sociology of Sanitation National Conference. (2013). Sanitation, Health and Development Deficit in India: A Sociological Perspective. http://www.sociologyofsanitation.com/honble-guests/sessionspeakers/sanitation-health-and-development-deficit-in-india-a-sociological-perspective/ The Press. (2014). Ambulance service short of millions. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/9627350/Ambulance-service-short-of-millions Books: Aust. J. (2002). Current Health Scenario in Rural India. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dludden/WaterborneDisease3.pdf Ganesh,S. K, Sitanshu Sekhar.K,andAnimesh.J. (2011). Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issue of prioritising control strategies. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299104/ Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issues for prioritizing control strategies Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issues for prioritizing control strategies Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issues for prioritizing control strategies Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issues for prioritizing control strategies J.K. McIntosh, C. Jacques, J. Mitrani-Reiser, T.D. Kirsch, S. Giovinazz, and T.M. Wilson. (2012). The Impact of the 22nd February 2011 Earthquake on Christchurch Hospital. Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury Ministry of Health. (2012). The Health of New Zealand Adults 2011/12: Key findings of the New Zealand Health Survey. Wellington, New Zealand Ministry of Health Lars Brabyn, Ross Barnett. (2004). THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 117 No 1199 ISSN 1175 8716. http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/2019/Brabyn%20population%20need.pdf?sequence=1 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. (2003). Pakistan India relationships. http://www.millat.com/democracy/Foreign%20Policy/brief3eng.pdf

Bengal Renaissance And The 19th Century History Essay

Bengal Renaissance And The 19th Century History Essay The 19th century Bangla literature is not a product of the continuous on-going literary tradition of the land, if we for a moment not consider the socio-political changes of the 19th century and the conquest of Bengal in the late 18th century by the British East India Company. It is neither a product of a sudden upsurge of literary geniuses who started to excel in isolation. The changes that characterise the Bangla literary tradition of the 19th century is deeply and thoroughly influenced by the social reform movement known as the Bengal Renaissance. With the advent of the British East India Companys rule over Bengal, the mainstream literary tradition of the land was transported from its rural base to a highly sophisticated urban elite society. The roots from which Bangla literature had evolved for hundreds of years was soon sidelined and termed as folk-lore ( ­m ¡L-Lb ¡) and remote (fË ¡Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¹L) and the rural storytellers whose narratives revolved around a specific religious or social aspect was soon substituted by the elite, educated and intellectual Bengali babus of Calcutta, the then capital of the East India Companys dominion. The educational system of Bengal, as a whole, underwent a drastic change in the early 19th century. From a conventional learning of the Bangla, Sanskrit and Arabic languages, the holy Vedas or the Bangla folk-lore and ballads (N £Ã‚ ¢aL ¡) in the traditional makeshift schools (f ¡Wn ¡m ¡ or  ­V ¡m), the educational reforms in the late 18th century and the early 19th century saw the establishment of institutions like the Asiatic Society (1784), Fort William College (1800), Serampore College (1817), Hindu College (1817), Sanskrit College (1824) and others which were exclusively meant for the elite Bengalis in order to educate them according to the European idea of education, learning and value judgement. This socio-political change in the educational scenario of Bengal quite naturally gave birth to a new intellectual class of Bengalis who perceived the idea of European education as the ideal form of learning and who would later give birth to the Bengal Renaissance and in turn change the scenario of the literary tradition of the 19th century Bangla literature. According to historian Romesh Chunder Dutt, The conquest of Bengal by the English was not only a political revolution, but ushered in a greater revolution in thoughts and ideas, in religion and society From the stories of gods and goddesses, kings and queens, princes and princesses, we have learnt to descend to the humble walks of life, to sympathise with the common citizen or even common peasantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Every revolution is attended with vigour, and the present one is no exception to the rule. Nowhere in the annals of Bengali literature are so many and so bright names found crowded together in the limited space of one century as those of Ram Mohan Roy, Akshay Kumar Datta, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Hem Chandra Banerjee, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Dina Bandhu Mitra. Within the three quarters of the present century, prose, blank verse, historical fiction and drama have been introduced for the first time in the Bengali literature (Dutt, 1877). It is tr ue what R.C. Dutt has tried to convey. Possibly very few literary traditions have had to deal with so many literary geniuses at one point of time. Cultural dominance was a major part of the idea of European colonisation of the Indian subcontinent. Along with the ruthless prowess of the Empire came the vaults filled with literature. And it is quite natural for the average Bengali intellectual elite to be mesmerised by the heroic epics of Homer and Virgil, the tragedies of Sophocles and Marlow, the blank verses of Milton and Shakespeare, the journey of Dante, the tantalising poetry of Petrarch and Sappho and the revolutionary ideas of Plato, Aristotle and Machiavelli, not only because of their literary expertise but more evidently because the colonised elite had to deal with the wide timeline of several literary genres at one point of time. Literary personnel like Romesh Chunder Dutt, Michael Madhusudan Dutt and others were so mesmerised with European culture and the English language in particular that they considered all non-European literatures to be of a little value as compared to the valour of the former; they even wrote let ters addressed to their Bengali friends in English. Like the European colonisers, it was easy for the intellectual elite, who were under the grasp of European education, to divide the history of Sanskrit or Bangla literature, which can be categorised as Hindu literature  [1]  , into three distinctive periods, the ancient, the medieval and the renaissance. The Occidentals believed that Hindu literature was little of value before the advent of the Europeans. It was the colonisers who educated the colonised and in turn helped the native intellectuals of Bengal to revolutionise their literary tradition. The Orientalists, like Michael Madhusudan Dutta, Ram Mohan Roy, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar and others, too were of a similar notion over the historiography of Bangla literature. However they, unlike the Occidentals, believed that there was a Golden Age of Hindu literature, followed by a Dark Age under the Islamic rulers and finally the coming of the Anglo-Saxons or the East India Company, in simpler words, who regenerated, revived and re novated Hindu literature and more in particular Bangla literature bringing about a Renaissance in the literary tradition of the land. This submission of the intellectual class of Bengal to the dominance of the British or in a larger frame the European notion of education, art and culture brought about the changes in Bangla literature in the 19th century. Bengali writers and authors started to explore and later imitate and improvise the different genres of European literature. Meghnadbadh Kavya ( ­jOe ¡c hd L ¡hÉ), the first Bangla secondary epic was written by Michael Madhusudan Dutta in 1861, which follows the poetic tradition of Miltons Paradise Lost intricately. Sonnets were also introduced into Bangla literary tradition by Madhusudan. Novel as a genre found its way into the urban literary culture of Bengal with Hannah Mullens Karuna O Phulmanir Bibaran (Ll ¦Z ¡ J g ¥mj ¢Zl  ¢hhlZ) in 1852 followed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadyays Durgeshnandini (c ¤Ã‚ ­NÑne ¢Ã‚ ¾ce £) in 1865. Just for the records, both Madhusudan and Bankim Chandra had started their literary careers with pieces of literature written in English. Madhusudan began as a composer of English poetry and Bankim Chandras first publication was Rajmohans wife. Bengal renaissance in literature came along with the changes in the socio-political and religious outlook of the Bengali elite. It was an incident in the history of Bengal which widened the perspective of the orthodox Hindu-Bengalis. The advent of the Brahmo Samaj; the banning of Satidaha (pa £c ¡q)  [2]  , child marriage and pursuing women literacy and widow-remarriage along with the acceptance of the new wave of Bangla literature were all frames of the same picture, the Bengal renaissance. Bengal renaissance did show the authors and the poets of Bengal, the way out from the orthodoxy of the Hindu religion and the conventional mind-set of the literary personnel of the earlier periods. As a matter of fact, in literary texts, women attained a new and a great importance due to this new wave in Bangla literature. In Bankim Chandras Durgeshnandini (1865), though it is set in a historical locale discussing the conflict of the Pathans and the Rajputs, the three female characters, Ayesha, Tillotama and Bimala are portrayed under the main spotlight. All the three characters represent the free-woman spirit; Ayesha, the brave; Tilottama, the beautiful and Bimala, the courageous. Bankims Kapalkundala (1866), Mrinalini (1869) and Debi Choudhurani (1884) also deal with female protagonists in a male chauvinist society. In most of Rabindranath Tagores novels the plot revolves around the female characters. The role of Charu in Nastanirh (1901); Bimala in Ghare-Baire (1916) and Damini an d Nanibala in Chaturanga (1916) is revolutionary and is the most important in the ongoing storyline of the respective novels. Sarat Chandra Chattopadyay, though has dealt with the more inner part of the household as the subject of his literary works has shown the importance of women in the society. He has portrayed women as the main protagonist of the existing social order in his novels, for instance, Baradidi (1907), Parineeta (1914), Debdas (1917), Choritrohin (1917), Srikanto (1917-1933), Nishkriti (1917) and others. The Bengal renaissance saw authors who were actually politically sound and was particularly sensitive to the cause of women in the society and in turn the authors actually contradicts the conventional and orthodox perception of the male dominated society. For the first time in Bangla urban literature, women have been given the importance that she deserves. It was as if the rebirth of Mahua  [3]  as Kapalkundala, Mrinalini, Nanibala of Chaturanga, Charu of Nashtan ir or Rajlakhhi of Srikanto. Bengali authors, poets and intellectuals of the 19th century for instance Bankim Chandra Chattopahyay, Ram Mohan Roy and others had projected the rise of the middle class Bengali Hindus in their literary works and they are the same literary personnel who have paved the way for the later writers like Rabindranath Tagore and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay who have brought the middle class of the Bengali society in the limelight of their works of literature. Bangla literature was no longer written exclusively for the elite audience and with the rise of the printing press in Bengal, Bangla literature entered a new paradigm. Free thinking and the authors points of view were the ruling characteristics of Bangla literature in the mid and the late 19th century. The projection of the daily struggle became an integral part of the literary tradition. According to Nitish Sengupta, The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775-1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), although there have been many stalwarts thereafter embodying particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output. (Sengupta, 2001). He has emphasised that Bengal renaissance also incorporated a very vital aspect; the concept of the Swadeshi (nationalist freedom movement) and it is in the works of Madhusudan, Bankim Chandra and Rabindranath that we actually find its great importance. Madhusudans Meghnadbadh Kavya (1861) though is based upon a part of the Valmiki Ramayana, yet it is through the authors style and perspective that the point of view of the storyline shifts from Ayodhya to Lanka. In this version of the story of Rama, Ravana is the tragic hero who loses the battle in the end. This shift in the perspective of the plot can be compared to Miltons Paradise Lost where the audience sees the story of Heav en and Hell from the other point of view, the point of view of Satan. Madhusudan has brought in the point of the other in his version of Ramas story, where Meghnad and Ravana are the protagonists and Rama is just a successful conqueror. Meghnadbadh Kavya may well have depicted the conquest of Bengal by the East-India Company. It was published in 1861 only four years after the first war for independence and Madhusudan wrote it in a state when he had already faced the failure of pursuing a European dream. Bankims Anandamath (1882) starts with the horrors of the Bengal famine in a colonised Bengal. He describes the famine as, People sold their belongings, then their house, then their land, then their wives, then their children even then the famine has no end. Everyone wants to sell, theres no buyer. (Chattopadyay, 1882). Set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bangla literature. Its i mportance is heightened by the fact that it is closely related with the struggle for Indian independence from the Anglo-Saxons. Bankims Debi Choudhurani (1884) which followed closely after Anandamath renewed the call for a resurgent India that fights against oppression of the British Empire with strength from within the common people, based on traditional Indian values of austerity, dedication and selflessness. Since it fuelled the patriotic struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire, the novel just like Anandamath was banned by the colonisers. In this novel, Bankim Chandra also reinforced his belief that an armed and face-to-face conflict with the Royal Army is the only way to win independence. Neel Darpan (The Indigo Planting Mirror) (1859) a play written by Dinabandhu Mitra was essential to Nilbidroha (Indigo Revolt). Mitra wrote in the preface of the English translation I present The Indigo Planting Mirror to the Indigo Planters hands; now, let every one of them, h aving observed his face, erase the freckle of the stain of selfishness from his forehead, and, in its stead, place on it the sandal powder of beneficence, then shall I think my labour success. (Mitra, 1859). The play was all about the differences between the old and beautiful culture of Bengal which is being eradicated by the new and advanced perspective of the mass. It is about the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the different classes of the society and between the different sections of the Government as well. Later, Rabindranaths novels also do refer to the Swadeshi movement which sweeps over Bengal due to the impact of the Renaissance. Chaturanga, Shesher Kobita, Ghare-Baire, Noukadubi and others reflect the vibrant Bengali society. Ghare-Baire in particular illustrates the conflicting tendencies between the Moderate and the Extremist ideals, terrorism and religious zeal which were a part of the pre-independent Bengali community. Bengal renaissance in simpler words have brought the society a step closer to the middle-class readership, who would find it hard to escape the reality of the existing community. Before the advent of the Bengal renaissance in Bangla literature, a literary work was confined to a single belief, a single community and a single mind-set. The mid-nineteenth century saw the inter-mixing of different sections of the society, different religious beliefs or contradictions and different ways of life, all inter-mingled in the same sphere of the literary work. Bankims Durgeshnandini deals with the contradictions and later the interactions between the Pathans and the Rajputs; Rabindranaths Chaturanga immortalises the idea of atheism of Jyathamoshai who crosses the barrier of religion and social structure to help the lower strata of the society and the needy; Sarat Chandra in Srikanto has depicted Rajlakkhi as a prostitute but yet dearly loved by the protagonist, Srikanto. Another form of literature which took its birth in the mid 19th century in Bengal was essays (fËhà ¥). Akshay Kumar Boral, Ramendra Sundar Tribedi, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Rabindranath Tagore and others of the mid and the late 19th century are the pioneers of Bangla essays of that period. Finally, in order to conclude, it is very important to understand that though Bengal renaissance was a product of the Bengali elite intellectuals under the deep-rooted influence of western education, which in a way has sidelined the indigenous literary tradition of Bengal, yet it has opened the minds of the audience forcing him to face the reality of the state of things. The changes that it characterised in the 19th century Bangla literature are great and inevitable and it is because of the renaissance in Bengal that Bangla literature has crossed all its barriers of religious and socio-political orthodoxy and closed-mindedness.

Grandmas House Essay -- Descriptive Essay About A Place

Grandma's House My most distinct childhood memories are at my Grandma Darlene's house, a quaint trailer on the edge of Anderson. Grandma lives near the end of a tiny little dirt road and has lived there for more than thirty years. We can barely get through the door because there are mountains and mountains of boxes, clothes and barrels filled with who knows what. At the bottom of all that there is a fairly large wooden rocking bench, my great uncle made right before his wife died. Cushioning these layers upon layers of junk is a nasty, old, mated scrap of carpet. The carpet is a burnt orange, calico color that has been stepped on and had people's shoes wiped off on more times than a welcome mat. Bordering the side of the porch is a barbecue from what looks like it is from the 1950's. It's all charred and where the black paint once was now is a thick coating of orange rust. In the corners there are millions of spiders that have taken up residence. Once we conquered the spiders and climb over the massive piles of boxes, we open the spring loaded door and the smell of coffee and burning wood rushes over us. As we entered the living room we traveled back in time, to an old yet still messy Victorian house. In front of the door the floor is tile; four or five of the tiles are broken where my Papa dropped a hammer years ago. As we move deeper into the living room the floor changes to a gray carpet with yellow and brown stains in many different places. The big windows are draped with large lacey curtains and doilies surround the coffee table and all the sides' tables. We bounce down on a blue floral couch and set our stuff on the oak wood coffee table that is less than ten inches from our shins. Beneath this table there are golden po... ...ig would scream over and over again until the lid was shut. Then in would come Grandma with her hands on her hips looking at us like we were so silly. In the end we would always get a cookie. My Grandma Darlene's house is the simplest, homiest, and most wonderful place I could ever imagine. Her place might not seem like much but it's the little things that are most important. Her house contains so many of my fondest memorize. When I'm busy, angry or just frustrated, I wish and think back on the times when Ashley and I would dump the whole box of lucky charms all over the floor and only the marshmallows. It the simple things I miss like watching Scooby-Doo in my PJ's on Sunday morning, making sparkly crafts and play baseball. All of these fun thing where done at my grandma's and I'm sure there will be a lot more to do when I go over there this Thanksgiving.

Euphoria: Glengarry Glen Ross :: essays research papers fc

Euphoria   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Glengarry Glen Ross is a movie based on the award winning play by David Mamet dealing with the corrupt world of real estate salesmen in hot pursuit of closing their next big deal in hopes of obtaining the American Dream. The desire for the next big lead or prospect as it is called in the real estate world causes the salesman to act out in a foolish and oftentimes violent manner. The behavior the salesmen demonstrate when a lead is unavailable can be compared to a crack head experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Both will deviate from what is socially acceptable behavior and become violent with actions or words, harm others or their property and cause them and others stress related illnesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salesmen are put under tremendous amounts of stress by their bosses on a daily basis. The 3M meetings or â€Å"morning motivational meetings,† are designed to keep the salespeople alert, on their toes and ready to control the mind of any hot leads they might obtain that day. An example of this in the movie is when Dave Moss states, ‘â€Å"I’ve got 48 hours to make a lot of money,’† (Glengarry Glen Ross). You can almost feel the tension oozing from the desperate man’s voice as he speaks these words. This type of ultimatum will in effect cause the person to become anxious and panicked as they attempt to meet the deadline their boss has placed on them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychological mind control is a way the bosses motivate their salespeople and this mind control has a trickle down effect. The salespeople then use the mind control technique they learn from their bosses on their clients as well. In the movie, Shelley Levine aka â€Å"The Machine,† illustrates the technique on a prospect: ‘â€Å"You gotta’ believe in yourself†¦If you see the opportunity then take it†¦ this is the now and this is that dream†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Glengarry Glen Ross). Shelley Levine then proceeds to tell his client â€Å"‘Now I want you to sign†¦I sat for five minutes then I sat for twenty two minutes watching the clock on the wall†¦ I locked in on them and they finally signed’† (Glengarry Glen Ross). This hypnotic effect of mind control is hard to master; however, once the defense barriers are broken one can close many deals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After many disappointing cold calls, meetings and drop bys one of the salesmen, Dave Moss, has an idea that he feels is sure to be the solution to all their troubles with the bad leads.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 2

2 But Seldon, while he did not forget Amaryl's warning, did not think of it with any great degree of concentration. His fortieth birthday came and went-with the usual psychological blow. Forty! He was not young any longer. Life no longer stretched before him as a vast uncharted field, its horizon lost in the distance. He had been on Trantor for eight years and the time had passed quickly. Another eight years and he would be nearly fifty. Old age would be looming. And he had not even made a decent beginning in psychohistory? Yugo Amaryl spoke brightly of laws and worked out his equations by making daring assumptions based on intuition. But how could one possibly test those assumptions? Psychohistory was not yet an experimental science. The complete study of psychohistory would require experiments that would involve worlds of people, centuries of time-and a total lack of ethical responsibility. It posed an impossible problem and he resented having to spend any time whatever on departmental tasks, so he walked home at the end of the day in a morose mood. Ordinarily he could always count on a walk through the campus to rouse his spirits. Streeling University was high-domed and the campus gave the feeling of being out in the open without the necessity of enduring the kind of weather he had experienced on his one (and only) visit to the Imperial Palace. There were trees, lawns, walks, almost as though he were on the campus of his old college on his home world of Helicon. The illusion of cloudiness had been arranged for the day with the sunlight (no sun, of course, just sunlight) appearing and disappearing at odd intervals. And it was a little cool, just a little. It seemed to Seldon that the cool days came a little more frequently than they used to. Was Trantor saving energy? Was it increasing inefficiency? Or (and he scowled inwardly as he thought it) was he getting old and was his blood getting thin? He placed his hands in his jacket pockets and hunched up his shoulders. Usually he did not bother guiding himself consciously. His body knew the way perfectly from his offices to his computer room and from there to his apartment and back. Generally he negotiated the path with his thoughts elsewhere, but today a sound penetrated his consciousness. A sound without meaning. â€Å"Jo†¦ Jo†¦ Jo†¦ Jo†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was rather soft and distant, but it brought back a memory. Yes, Amaryl's warning. The demagogue. Was he here on campus? His legs swerved without Seldon's making a conscious decision and brought him over the low rise to the University Field, which was used for calisthenics, sports, and student oratory. In the middle of the Field was a moderate-sized crowd of students who were chanting enthusiastically. On a platform was someone he didn't recognize, someone with a loud voice and a swaying rhythm. It wasn't this man, Joranum, however. He had seen Joranum on holovision a number of times. Since Amaryl's warning, Seldon had paid close attention. Joranum was large and smiled with a kind of vicious camaraderie. He had thick sandy hair and light blue eyes. This speaker was small, if anything-thin, wide-mouthed, dark-haired, and loud. Seldon wasn't listening to the words, though he did hear the phrase â€Å"power from the one to the many† and the many-voiced shout in response. Fine, thought Seldon, but just how does he intend to bring this about-and is he serious? He was at the outskirts of the crowd now and looked around far someone he knew. He spotted Finangelos, a pre-math undergraduate. Not a bad young man, dark and woolly-haired. â€Å"Finangelos,† he called out. â€Å"Professor Seldon† said Finangelos after a moment of staring as though unable to recognize Seldon without a keyboard at his fingertips he trotted over. â€Å"Did you come to listen to this guy?† â€Å"I didn't come for any purpose but to find out what the noise was. Who is he?† â€Å"His name is Namarti, Professor. He's speaking for Jo-Jo.† â€Å"I hear that, † said Seldon as he listened to the chant again. It began each time the speaker made a telling point, apparently. â€Å"But who is this Namarti? I don't recognize the name. What department is he in?† â€Å"He's not a member of the University, Professor. He's one of Jo-Jo's men.† â€Å"If he's not a member of the University, he has no right to speak here without a permit. Does he have one, do you suppose?† â€Å"I wouldn't know, Professor.† â€Å"Well then, let's find out.† Seldon started into the crowd, but Finangelos caught his sleeve. â€Å"Don't start anything, Professor. He's got goons with him.† There were six young men behind the speaker, spaced rather widely, legs apart, arms folded, scowling. â€Å"Goons?† â€Å"For rough stuff, in case anyone tries anything funny.† â€Å"Then he's certainly not a member of the University and even a permit wouldn't cover what you call his ‘goons'. Finangelos, signal through to the University security officers. They should have been here by now without a signal.† â€Å"I guess they don't want trouble,† muttered Finangelos. â€Å"Please, Professor, don't try anything. If you want me to get the security officers, I will, but you just wait till they come.† â€Å"Maybe I can break this up before they come.† He began pushing his way through. It wasn't difficult. Some of those present recognized him and all could see the professorial shoulder patch. He reached the platform, placed his hands on it, and vaulted up the three feet with a small grunt. He thought, with chagrin, that he could have done it with one hand ten years before and without the grunt. He straightened up. The speaker had stopped talking and was looking at him with wary and ice-hard eyes. Seldon said calmly, â€Å"Your permit to address the students, sir.† â€Å"Who are you?† said the speaker. He said it loudly, his voice carrying. â€Å"I'm a member of the faculty of this University,† said Seldon, equally loudly. â€Å"Your permit, sir?† â€Å"I deny your right to question me on the matter.† The young men behind the speaker had gathered closer. â€Å"If you have none, I would advise you to leave the University grounds immediately.† â€Å"And if I don't?† â€Å"Well, for one thing, the University security officers are on their way.† He turned to the crowd. â€Å"Students,† he called out, â€Å"we have the right of free speech and freedom of assembly on this campus, but it can be taken away from us if we allow outsiders, without permits, to make unauthorized-â€Å" A heavy hand fell on his shoulder and he winced. He turned around and found it was one of the men Finangelos had referred to as â€Å"goons.† The man said, with a heavy accent whose provenance Seldon could not immediately identify, â€Å"Get out of here fast. â€Å" â€Å"What good will that do?† said Seldon. â€Å"The security officers will be here any minute.† â€Å"In that case,† said Namarti with a feral grin, â€Å"there'll be a riot. That doesn't scare us.† â€Å"Of course it wouldn't,† said Seldon. â€Å"You'd like it, but there won't be a riot. You'll all go quietly.† He turned again to the students and shrugged off the hand on his shoulder. â€Å"We'll see to that, won't we?† Someone in the crowd shouted, â€Å"That's Professor Seldon! He's all right! Don't pound him!† Seldon sensed ambivalence in the crowd. There would be some, he knew, who would welcome a dust-up with the University security officers, just on general principles. On the other hand, there had to be some who liked him personally and still others who did not know him but who would not want to see violence against a member of the faculty. A woman's voice rang out. â€Å"Watch out, Professor!† Seldon sighed and regarded the large young men he faced. He didn't know if he could do it, if his reflexes were quick enough, his muscles sturdy enough, even given his prowess at Twisting. One goon was approaching him, overconfidently of course. Not quickly, which gave Seldon a little of the time his aging body would need. The goon held out his arm confrontationally, which made it easier. Seldon seized the arm, whirled, and bent, arm up, and then down (with a grunt-why did he have to grunt?), and the goon went flying through the air, propelled partly by his own momentum. He landed with a thump on the outer edge of the platform, his right shoulder dislocated. There was a wild cry from the audience at this totally unexpected development. Instantly an institutional pride erupted. â€Å"Take them, Prof!† a lone voice shouted. Others took up the cry. Seldon smoothed back his hair, trying not to puff. With his foot he shoved the groaning fallen goon off the platform. â€Å"Anyone else?† he asked pleasantly. â€Å"Or will you leave quietly?† He faced Namarti and his five henchmen and as they paused irresolutely, Seldon said, â€Å"I warn you. The crowd is on my side now. If you try to rush me, they'll take you apart. Okay, who's next? Let's go. One at a time.† He had raised his voice with the last sentence and made small come-hither motions with his fingers. The crowd yelled its pleasure. Namarti stood there stolidly. Seldon leaped past him and caught his neck in the crook of his arm. Students were climbing onto the platform now, shouting â€Å"One at a time! One at a time!† and getting between the bodyguards and Seldon. Seldon increased the pressure on the other's windpipe and whispered in his ear, â€Å"There's a way to do this, Namarti, and I know how: I've practiced it for years. If you make a move and try to break away, I'll ruin your larynx so that you'll never talk above a whisper again. If you value your voice, do as I say. When I let up, you tell your bunch of bullies to leave. If you say anything else, they'll be the last words you'll say normally. And if you ever come back to this campus again, no more Mr. Nice Guy. I'll finish the job.† He released the pressure momentarily. Namarti said huskily, â€Å"All of you. Get out.† They retreated rapidly, helping their stricken comrade. When the University security officers arrived a few moments later, Seldon said, â€Å"Sorry, gentlemen. False alarm.† He left the Field and resumed his walk home with more than a little chagrin. He had revealed a side of himself he did not want to reveal. He was Hari Seldon, mathematician, not Hari Seldon, sadistic twister. Besides, he thought gloomily, Dors would hear of this. In fact, he'd better tell her himself, lest she hear a version that made the incident seem worse than it really was. She would not be pleased. 3 She wasn't. Dors was waiting for him at the door of their apartment in an easy stance, hand on one hip, looking very much as she had when he had first met her at this very University eight years before: slim, shapely, with curly reddish-gold hair-very beautiful in his eyes but not very beautiful in any objective sense, though he had never been able to assess her objectively after the first few days of their friendship. Dors Venabili! That's what he thought when he saw her calm face. There were many worlds, even many sectors on Trantor where it would have been common to call her Dors Seldon, but that, he always thought, would put the mark of ownership on her and he did not wish it, even though the custom was sanctioned by existence back into the vague mists of the pre-Imperial past. Dors said, softly and with a sad shake of her head that barely disturbed her loose curls, â€Å"I've heard, Hari. Just what am I going to do with you?† â€Å"A kiss would not be amiss.† â€Å"Well, perhaps, but only after we probe this a little. Come in.† The door closed behind them. â€Å"You know, dear, I have my course and my research. I'm still doing that dreadful history of the Kingdom of Trantor, which you tell me is essential to your own work. Shall I drop it all and take to wandering around with you, protecting you? It's still my job, you know. It's more than ever my job, now that you're making progress with psychohistory.† â€Å"Making progress? I wish I were. But you needn't protect me.† â€Å"Needn't I? I sent Raych out looking for you. After all, you were late and I was concerned. You usually tell me when you're going to be late. I'm sorry if that makes me sound as though I'm your keeper, Hari, but I am your keeper.† â€Å"Does it occur to you, Keeper Dors, that every once in a while I like to slip my leash?† â€Å"And if something happens to you, what do I tell Demerzel?† â€Å"Am I too late for dinner? Have we clicked for kitchen service?† â€Å"No. I was waiting for you. And as long as you're here, you click it. You're a great deal pickier than I am when it comes to food. And don't change the subject.† â€Å"Didn't Raych tell you that I was all right? So what's there to talk about?† â€Å"When he found you, you were in control of the situation and he got back here first, but not by much. I didn't hear any details. Tell me-What-were-you-doing?† Seldon shrugged. â€Å"There was an illegal gathering, Dors, and I broke it up. The University could have gotten a good deal of trouble it didn't need if I hadn't.† â€Å"And it was up to you to prevent it? Hari. you're not a Twister anymore. You're a -â€Å" He put in hastily, â€Å"An old man?† â€Å"For a Twister, yes. You're forty. How do you feel?† â€Å"Well-A little stiff.† â€Å"I can well imagine. And one of these days, when you try to pretend you're a young Heliconian athlete, you'll break a rib. Now tell me about it.† â€Å"Well, I told you how Amaryl warned me that Demerzel was in trouble because of the demagoguery of Jo-Jo Joranum.† â€Å"Jo-Jo. Yes, I know that much. What don't I know? What happened today?† â€Å"There was a rally at the Field. A Jo-Jo partisan named Namarti was addressing the crowd-â€Å" â€Å"Namarti is Gambol Deen Namarti, Joranum's right-hand man.† â€Å"Well, you know more about it than I do. In any case, he was addressing a large crowd and he had no permit and I think he was hoping there would be some sort of riot. They feed on these disorders and if he could close down the University even temporarily, he would charge Demerzel with the destruction of academic freedom. I gather they blame him for everything. So I stopped them. Sent them off without a riot.† â€Å"You sound proud.† â€Å"Why not? Not bad for a man of forty.† â€Å"Is that why you did it? To test your status at forty?† Seldon thoughtfully clicked the dinner menu. Then he said, â€Å"No. I really was concerned that the University would get into needless trouble. And I was concerned about Demerzel. I'm afraid that Yugo's tales of danger had impressed me more than I realized. That was stupid, Dors, because I know that Demerzel can take care of himself. I couldn't explain that to Yugo or to anyone but you.† He drew in a deep breath. â€Å"It's amazing what a pleasure it is that I can at least talk to you about it. You know and I know and Demerzel knows and no one else knows-at least, that I know of-that Demerzel is untouchable.† Dors touched a contact on a recessed wall panel and the dining section of their living quarters lit up with a soft peach-colored glow. Together, she and Hari walked to the table, which was already set with linen, crystal, and utensils. As they sat, the dinner began to arrive-there was never any long delay at this time of evening-and Seldon accepted it quite casually. He had long since grown accustomed to the social position that made it unnecessary for them to patronize the faculty dinners. Seldon savored the seasonings they had learned to enjoy during their stay at Mycogen-the only thing about that strange, male-dominated, religion-permeated, living-in-the-past sector they had not detested. Dors said softly, â€Å"How do you mean, ‘untouchable'?† â€Å"Come, dear, he can alter emotions. You haven't forgotten that. If Joranum really became dangerous, he could be†-he made a vague gesture with his hands- â€Å"altered: made to change his mind.† Dors looked uncomfortable and the meal proceeded in an unusual silence. It wasn't until it was over and the remains-dishes, cutlery, and all-swirled down the disposal chute in the center of the table (which then smoothly covered itself over) that she said, â€Å"I'm not sure I want to talk about this, Hari, but I can't let you be fooled by your own innocence.† â€Å"Innocence?† He frowned. â€Å"Yes. We've never talked about this. I never thought it would come up, but Demerzel has shortcomings. He is not untouchable, he may be harmed, and Joranum is indeed a danger to him.† â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Of course I am. You don't understand robots-certainly not one as complex as Demerzel. And I do.†

Humanities Essay: American Dream vs. Filipino Dream Essay

I see when most citizenry retrieve of the Ameri send packing Dream they think of the part in the Declaration of Independence where is says that all hands argon created equal and that they brace the right on to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. But thats the rub, what is happiness. I think now-a-days most people would equate it with making as more money as possible to drive the good life. Of course, this can misbegot different things to different people. I think most people would like to ingest their own home and prevail decorous money to provide their family adequately.In 2006, my maintain and I were privileged to be fit to chip in a trip to the Filipinos to fragment up my son who served a dickens year mission there for our church. From what I saw there, what my son told me and remarks made by our native Filipino guide, Beth Grafilo, I have concluded that the Filipino people invidia the American people and would love to be able to bonk the American Dream. (J. Saxton & B. Grafilo, ad hominem communication, 2006). The unfortunate fact is that the majority of them live in abject poverty and give never attain it. Mrs.Grafilo is affluent in contrast to most Filipinos. She owns a van, which is considered a luxury there. For her it is her means of livelihood and and then a necessity. The Filipino people are hardworking and good at figure out ways of making money. If they have a good job, they have to tippytoe over backwards to keep it. Therefore, client service is exemplary there. Entrepreneurship is valued in like manner because often the best way to make money is to have your own business. A couple of interesting things that I notable were that in the most humble homes that we visited they unsounded had a TV.I also illustrious that there is basically no homelessness in the Philippines because they will live anywhere they can put up a shelter. chantey Towns abound there. Lucky for them the Philippines has a actually temperate c limate. I have never been out of the United States before and to go to essentially a third universe of discourse country was quite eye opening. I did go on the internet to allege more about the Philippines and Filipino culture. name and address Roxas-Lim, A. Cultural Heritage in Philippine Society . PDF. University of Philippines. Retrieved from http//fahnoe. ph/filer/toledo-cebu/Cultural-Heritage-in-Philippine-Society. pdf.

Psychoanalytic Perspectives of the Oedipus Mythology Essay

Patricide and incest variance the thesis and put across that Sophocles began with the foot of Oedipus the power. In the scams that followed, Oedipus at Colonus and Antig cardinal, Sophocles expounded upon what would run one of the intimately profound patterns in psychoanalysis. To best interpret the Oedipus trilogy, a grammatical twisting allow be taken into the construction of the dramatic make upts themselves, followed by an interpretation of the plays couples and the inception of the Oedipus abstruse found upon a psychoanalytic perspective.To pay back with, Sophocles wrote what became slamn as the Oedipus trilogy over a period of lots than forty historic period which indicates the profound immersion that he plain had in the Oedipus saga. Each play is a self-contained chronicle re sacrificeing his dramatic musical bailiwick of buyback from the sin of patricide and incest, and unless, the arch amongst the 3 Theban plays highlights the gist that Sophocles refused to silence himself from, and which consumed nearly his good invigoration.While this whitethorn seem of little importance to discipline the Oedipus trilogy itself, Sophocles did non write them in the say represented in nearly all(prenominal) anthology. As David Grene notes, as far as the legend is concerned, the account runs in date Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (p. i). Their assure of imaginationion, instead, went Antigone, Oedipus the King, and and so Oedipus at Colonus (p. i), which presents a few inaccuracies in spite of appearance the estimation itself ( master(prenominal)(prenominal)ly with the character and actions of Creon, Jocastas brother).From this fork out tack together, the series, in that respectfore, cannot get formed a true or literal trilogybeyond the detail that each of the three plays deals with the office staff in the Oedipodean family hi drool, there is no congruity of opus or treatment mingled with them (Watl ing). Moreover, except for the obvious links of fact connecting them, each constitutes a fresh cost to a distinct and self-contained puzzle (13).Roughly, this means that while most anthologies present the three Theban plays in a chronological crop for the character Oedipus, the fact re mains that each could be aver with bulge knowledge of the others and the same theme and message would be receivedwhich, based upon Sophocles life-time-long fixing with the story, essential digest been his justification for the story that kept evolving. The cerebrateing poop the order and fixatement of the plays within anthologies is sound, however, because, while the stories may be self-contained, the arch of Oedipus is the link that literally turns the plays into a trilogy.In Oedipus the King, Oedipus, as divination had predicted, downs his flip, King Laius, and marries his fret, Queen Jocasta, bearing at least four children in the butt who, in the play Antigone, are revealed as An tigone, Ismene, Eteocles, and Polyneices. After learning of his horrible actions, Oedipus kick come outs himself as he had procl captureed would be the pot of the brute capable of murdering King Laius, and later on blinds himself in the hopes of decision repurchase for his unforgivable sins. While Oedipus at Colonus is the second play in the anthologies, it is the literal ending for Oedipus.He is taken to the metropolis of Colonus by his make doly daughters, Antigone and Ismene, because, as he had learned from the seer in Oedipus the King, he was meant to find his lowest resting place there. Moments before his end, Oedipus realizes that his sins of patricide and incest werent truly sinful because he committed the acts out of ignorance alone, and it is in this moment, and patronage e reallything he has approach in his quest for redemption that genus Zeus absolves Oedipus of his sins and he passes, with peace, into the afterlife.In Antigone, Oedipus is little more than a pl ot reference to find oneself the play started. His only mention is in the opening lines and is that, following his self-imposed exile from the metropolis of Thebes in Oedipus the King, Oedipus had made a prediction that his sons would be arrogant fair to middling to fight over his throne and kill each other. Thus the play begins with the deaths of Eteocles and Polyneices. The play itself follows the actions of Antigone and her husband Creon, who is the cause for much surmise from most scholars due to his not-so advanced age.As the timeline goes, Creon is Jocastas brother and would have been Oedipus aged by many years or, at the very least, would have been as disused as Oedipus himself. As Antigone is Oedipus daughter, and Creon is say to be a vigorous middle-aged sky pilot of a youthful son (Watling, 13), scholars argue as to the accuracy of Sophocles character creation and question as to his motives in retelling the story in as many forms as he did, with an outstanding fla w.Creons excursion notwithstanding, it is the minor and insignificant role of Oedipus in the play Antigone that marks the main earth that most anthologies place Antigone last in the order of the Oedipus mythology, regular(a) though the timeline would, as Sophocles thought in writing them, place Oedipus at Colonus last, due to the plays depiction of the last days of Oedipus life. This, in itself, is significant in understanding the psychological facets of the Oedipus trilogy.Now, while readers will never know the true meaning behind the order of the Oedipus mythology, the fact remains that Sophocles wrote within an archetype and character arch with the intentions of presenting his dramatic themeand it took three tries to get it out as he desired. What he created, however, demonstrates a equity or so the self-discovery of the individual and the agency to redemption that marks a significant aspect of the growth of the human being.To best define this journey, a psychoanalytic per spective will now be taken into Sophocles main theme and message. From an analysis of his work, Sophocles shares a concern with finding truth in a adult male of appearances and is influenced, even if in coachly, by the new theories about language the conundrum of the apprisal of voice communication to reality, and the power of words to deceive, to win partial causes, and to confuse moral issues (Segal, 7).More, the plays are closely certainly a response to events of his period. An unexpected, supernatural-seeming adventure suddenly sweeps away brilliant hopes self-reliance in human reason and slowness is shattered, and outstandingness swiftly turns into misery (9). Sophocles cut the rise and fall of brawny nations, and it makes sensation that he would take what he had seen and created his interpretation of events that had transpired in a literary form that he could show the world.And it is from this basis that scholars have debated over the purpose and gibes behind th e ii main cities present within the plays of Sophocles. Often, the city of Athens is compared to a mans relationship with himself, whereas the city of Thebes represents the fight among man and his father. Indeed, the figure of Oedipus is a distillment of Athens at the height of its power, energy, daring, keen curiosity, and confidence in human reason (Segal, 11).As the historical context of the city of Athens was surely an influence in Sophocles ma tabby of the Oedipus trilogy, a direct parallel from the destruction of Athens to the destruction of Oedipus the powerful leader can be drawn. More, it is even possible that Oedipus search for who he actually is reflects something of a communal identity crisis in a city that had undergone a considerable transformation in a before long time and had refashioned itself from a rather quiet, conventional aristocracy and tyranny in the one-sixth century into a radical, intellectualized democracy and a powerful empire (Segal, 11).This parallel, of Oedipus to the grand city of Athens, does much to lend weight to Sophocles theme of slew and the gods marking a thoroughfare for man. For, as Athens rose in power, so too, it fell because it committed sins and transgressions to great to find redemption from along the way. As for the city of Thebes, there lies a direct correlation to Sigmund Freuds theory of conflict between man and his father which represents a direct parallel to Oedipus exile from the city of his king-making.Freud suggested that the play fascinates us so muchnot because it dramatizes the contrast between peck and human will, but because there moldiness be something which makes a voice within us ready to recognize the compel force of bunch (Segal, 59). From this theory, Freud defined that the destiny is the universal necessity to which all of us (or at least all males) are subjectnamely, the wishes that remain from our buried living creature personality to kill the father and possess the mother (5 9).And it is this destiny upon which Sophocles created his foundation and archetype. As a basis for his theory, Freud determined that the visionary was a direct parallel to the sub certified mind mind, citing that this disguising of Oedipus unconscious(p) desires in the form of an illusionist from the gods not only lets the unconscious hold out visible but also accounts for the view of transgressioniness that we have about these unconscious desires, even though we are not guilty of any crime (Segal 59-60). horizontal more, Freud speculated that Oedipus eagerness to punish himself, with no effort at self-defense, corresponds to the inner conviction of guilt that stems from these unconscious desires (60). Because Oedipus immediately set out to punish himself and find redemption for his actions, despite the fact that he did them in ignorance, then, suggests that in his unconscious, Oedipus did indeed have desires to kill his father and physically and sexually possess his moth er.For, as Freud theorized, in his actions following his revelation, Oedipus confessed his own guilt. If, perhaps, Oedipus had sought-after(a) to defend himself on the basis that he didnt know his father and certainly had no affections for his mother, having grown up the surrogate son of another, the theme may then have been interpreted differently. However, as Freud was so certain, there is much to be said about the actions of Oedipus in correlation to the guilt he felt.The subconscious mind had a profound impact on Oedipus, even though he knew nothing of the birth parents he was prophesized to destroy. For Freud, the archetypal constructs of the Oedipus mythology was so commanding that he dubbed it the Oedipus Complexwhich denotes each mortals attitudes and behavior in his or her most intimate family relationships, especially to mother and fatherand, to mature into a habitual adult, the child must somehow come to name with the residue of repressed infantile hatred and desire for his or her parents (Segal, 60).The Oedipus Complex, in modernistic psychology, is applied to the study of actions in relation to the subconscious desires that exist in every child. Even more, Freuds theory has puzzle common in the vernacular of psychology to the extent that scholars use the term, perhaps, without even grasp the full meaning behind the cleverly, yet aptly, named psychosis. The Oedipus Complex is based upon two main ideals that of the matriarchal relationship to the child and the patriarchic relationship. The two are separated by this relationship and define the growth and exploitation of the child.Moreover, matriarchal culture is characterized by the accent mark on ties of blood, ties to the soil and the passive sufferance of all natural phenomenawhile a old fiat in contrast is characterized by prize for man-made law, by the predominance of able thought and by the effort to compound natural phenomena by man (Armens, viii). To let out define the diff erence, in the matriarchal notion all men are get even since they are all the children of mothers and each one a child of Mother Earth.A mother loves her children all alike and without (limiting) conditionsthe aim of life is the happiness of man and there is nothing more important or dignified than human existence and life (viii). In this, to draw a parallel back to Oedipus, the child has (whether he realizes or understands it) a desire to be with the muliebrity who created him because of her earth-mother nature. The desire of every man is to be with a woman who understands everything and will love unconditionallyand that figure, from the start of life, happens to be the mother.However, the patriarchal system, on the other hand, recognizes obedience to government agency as its main virtue. The principle of equation is replaced by a hierarchical order in society and state, ruled by an authority just as the family is henpecked by the father (Armens, viii). It is because of this ve ry concept that boys contain within them (whether known to the conscious mind or not) the desire to force out their father and receive the leader of the hierarchy. More, men, by their very nature, contain the desire to locomote like their fathers, to achieve the power that they may possess, to be the biggest, strongest, fastest titan in the industry.With a full understanding of the Oedipus Complex, a nett parallel can be drawn to the highway of self-discovery that Oedipus entire life is consumed with. As Sophocles had directed, Oedipus dramatizes the lonely path of self-discovery (Segal, 13). And it is in this path that the true nature of Oedipus is revealed. For, the path that he must take is a perilous expedition, not only finished the ascent of age, but in the self discovery that every man must achieve to live a fulfilling and sure-fire life. However, it is on this path that Oedipus also meets the very destiny that his parents had hoped to terminate with their preemptive s trike.In this, Oedipus is the paradoxical combination of knowledge, power, and weakness (13). He is strong as a king and husband, yet, when he learns the truth of his actions, he crumbles into a despair so deep that it consumes his entire lifeand it isnt a little one. Unequivocally, Sophocles began his thesis with the creation of Oedipus the King and introduced what would become one of the most profound archetypes in psychoanalysis. Throughout the trilogy, the archetypes that Sophocles presents become a profound hypothesis on the questions of guilt and responsibility, the order (or disorder) of our world, and the nature of man (Segal, 12).More, the play stands with the Book of Job, Hamlet, and King Lear as one of Western literary productionss most searching examinations of the problem of suffering (12). In looking at the events that transpired throughout the three Theban plays, Sophocles main theme that, in any life, destiny and fate will create a mans destiny more, the gods have the divine right to tamper with a mans destiny in the hopes that he will, one day, find redemption from his sins, is rendered by the Oedipus arch throughout the plays.Overall, the three Theban plays, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone, form the trilogy that founded the most profound archetype in literary works and psychoanalysis. Sophocles created the character of Oedipus to highlight his theme of self-discovery and the path to redemption, making it clear that Oedipus, despite his ignorance, would atone until his final moments for his unforgivable sins. However, it is in those final moments that Oedipus finds true absolution and redemption for the subconscious guilt that placed the fantasy of patricide and incest into his desires.And, based upon a psychoanalytic perspective, the theory behind the Oedipus Complex renders the message and main theme of Sophocles Oedipus mythology. Works Cited. Armens, Sven. Archetypes of the Family in Literature. Seattle University o f Washington, 1966. Grene, David and Richmond Lattimore, Trns. The cope Greek Tragedies, Vol II, Sophocles. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1959. Segal, Charles. Oedipus genus Tyrannus Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Watling, E. F. , Trns. The Theban Plays. Maryland Penguin Books, 1947.