Effects Of Exposure On Brain Development - 2164 Words

The topic chosen is the effect of exposure to alcohol prenatally on brain development. This topic is important because fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have had an estimated prevalence of 1 in 100 and represent the top source of avoidable developmental disability in North America (Treit et al., 2013). Many children diagnosed with a disorder of this type experience many developmental delays and fall behind there peers both cognitively and socially. Alcohol has the ability to harmfully influence the brain’s development through various means. When exposed to alcohol, genes can be transcribed incorrectly, oxidative stress can occur, and oxygen can be deprived from tissues leading to cell death (Treit et al., 2013).†¦show more content†¦Most research has focused on substantial exposure and not low-to-moderate quantities, making this study relevant. Past research has shown significant decreases in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of those who were exposed to a large amount of alcohol in the womb. The first study was longitudinal in nature. Seventeen participants with FASD and twenty-seven controls aged five to fifteen years old were involved in the study. The FASD participants were recruited from a clinic specializing in FSD, and they had been diagnosed with an alcohol related disorder. FASD is a term that encompasses a few conditions of varying severity and participants of various conditions were included. T he patients underwent a special type of MRI scan called diffuse tensor imaging (DTI). 92 scans were collected total in this study and each participant received either two or three scans. Specific details of the brain’s white matter can be visualized by using DTI. Both groups had some commonalities in some structural areas that are expected to change as an outcome of development. DTI showed that there were microstructural anomalies in the areas of the brain including by not limited to the corpus callosum and connective fibers (Treit et al., 2013). When the white matter tracts of the two groups were compared, the FASD group had many abnormal structural changes. The areas where large differences were noted were in the

Religious Controversy During the Time of Karl Marx Essay

Religious Controversy During the Time of Karl Marx Religion in Europe before and during 1848, the year the Communist Manifesto was written, was full of trials and tribulations. This is not a new thing for religion, ever since the creation of religion there has been problems. Religion is the one uncertainty that has caused disputes even wars in the past and in the present. Religion is discussed briefly in the Communist Manifesto. However, There is enough content about religion to see Karl Marx’s views on the matter but he does not go into depth on those views. Religion around the time of the Communist Manifesto was very unstable; two events prior to this time that contributed to this instability are the Separation of Christianity†¦show more content†¦Roman Catholics saw the emperor as the ruler of the Eastern Orthodox religion. They believed that even emperors should be below spiritual authority. What the Eastern Orthodox saw when the looked at the head of the Roman Catholic Church was a bishop who was trying to dominate all other Christian leaders. The Eastern Orthodox believed that every bishop has been granted equal power from God and should rule together, not one bishop ruling over the rest. [3] These are two of the differences that led to the separation of the two religions. The word Reformation has become notorious with Western European Christianity; the two go hand in hand. The reformations to the Christian religion can be divided up into two categories, the Protestant reformations and the Christian reformation. There are three Protestant reformations, The Lutheran reformation, the Reformed Church reformation, and the Radical reformation. [4] All three were in response to problems in the practices of the Christian Church. Some of the main problems in include, poor morals of clergy, lack of pastors residing in their parish residence, and a Pope who was often pre occupied with worldly affairs. [5] The protestant reformers wanted to get rid of these problems and return to the golden days of Christianity. So reformers such as Martin Luther decided to stop waiting for the church to make a change and take thing into their own hands. The Christian reformation was a response to all three of theShow MoreRelatedThe Nazi Ideology Of National Socialism1355 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the time leading up to the Holocaust, the â€Å"Jewish question† was a question not easily and agreeably answered by the Germans. Some, like Adolf Hitler, believed the Jews were an untrustworthy and tainted breed and, ultimately, should be terminated. This leads to the Nazi ideology of National Socialism. A philosopher by the name Martin Buber believed that Judaism was more than a nation and could not solely behave as one. 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Impact of training and training on organization perfomance free essay sample

The study seeks to assess the impact of Training and Development in an organisation as viewed by both employees and employer (organisation) and other stakeholders. It will also highlight the benefits associated with Training and Development and the subsequent challenges and emerging issues. The development of people’s performance in the workplace is critical to the success of any organisation. The Training Development (TD) process has the potential to make a strong positive impact on the performance of individuals, teams and the business as a whole. In order to convincingly advocate the benefits of training to the management staff of an organisation, it is essential that they understand the positive role that it can play in improving organisational performance. Ensuring good performance of individuals and teams is central to the work of the Training Development function. In order to do this a planned approach is necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of training and training on organization perfomance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The activities of the Training Development function must be closely linked to the overall business plan. The impact TD activity is meant to have on performance must be clearly defined and well communicated (review sentence). To be successful TD activities must be supported by wider TD Policies and Procedures. This research proposal will highlight on the background of the problem, the problem statement, the research questions, hypothesis and the scope of the study. Problem Statement The problem statement can be started with two assertions: (a) properly designed training works, and (b) the way training is designed, delivered, and implemented can greatly influence its effectiveness. That well-designed training is impactful is important as continuous learning and skill development are now a way of life in modern organizations. To remain competitive, organizations and countries must ensure that their workforce continually learns and develops. Training and development activities allow organizations to adapt, compete, excel, innovate, produce, be safe, improve service, and reach goals. In the United States alone, organizations spend about $135 billion in training individuals per year (Patel, 2010). Organizations invest in training because they believe a skilled workforce represents a competitive advantage. Therefore, decisions about what to train, how to train, and how to implement and evaluate training should be informed by the best information science has to offer. Training research and practice have greatly advanced over the last three decades. In the first chapter on training published in the Annual Review of Psychology, Campbell (1971) characterized the training literature as â€Å"voluminous, nonempirical, nontheoretical, poorly written, and dull† (p. 565). Campbell further noted that it was â€Å"faddish to an extreme,† often testing new methods emerging in practice but unrelated to theories of learning. Kraiger, Ford, and Salas (1993) also commented on how training research and theory lagged far behind developments in learning theory in other areas of psychology. Thirty years later, Salas and Cannon-Bowers (2001) reviewed the training literature and concluded that training theory and research had made great advancements. The science of training has drawn both on practical applications of general learning theory and on theories and models endemic to industrial–organizational psychology that place training in a broader organizational system. It is also the case that advancements in training research can be attributed in part to the need for evidence-based prescriptions for the design and delivery of training. The science has kept up with this demand. Metaanalyses integrating a large number of empirical studies across various training topics from manager training to team training, cross-cultural training, and all forms of employee training consistently show that when training is designed systematically and based on the science of learning and training, it yields positive results (Arthur, Bennett, Edens, Bell, 2003; Taylor, Russ-Eft, Chan, 2005). The indictment by Campbell (1971) on the state of training literature gave rise to theory-based research and empirically based training practices. Since Campbell’s review, training research has grown, generated empirically driven principles, and made significant contributions to practice; therefore, the training research domain is now robust, exciting, dynamic, active, and relevant to organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive practical review of the impact of training and development in organizations What really is the problem? The problem is not clear. Significance of the Study Boudreau and Ramstad (2005) argued that to maintain a competitive advantage, organizations must succeed in three domains: finance, products or markets, and human capital (or their workforce). Worldwide economic cycles tend to create conditions in which obtaining sufficient financing is either equally easy or equally difficult for most organizations of the same size. More important, in today’s global economy, all organizations can sell to the same markets (for example through the Internet), and product development cycles are such that differences in product innovation are much smaller than in years past (as evident in similarities in smartphones across carriers). Thus, it is the third domain—building and maintaining a more capable and better trained workforce—that may offer the most sustainable advantage available to most organizations (Huselid Becker, 2011). Effective management of the acquisition and training of human capital is thus an important key to organizational success. For example, Delaney and Huselid (1996) found that effective practices by organizations related to staffing and training were positively related to perceived organizational performance, whereas in a study of nearly 1,000 companies, Huselid (1995) documented that the use of high-performance work practices (including effective recruitment and selection, compensation systems, and training) predicted employee retention and performance as well as long-term measures of corporate financial performance. Aguinis and Kraiger (2009) cited multiple studies in European countries that link training practices and policies to measures of organizational effectiveness. Studies like these show that training is a key component in building and maintaining an effective employee workforce, which in turn drives various metrics of corporate well-being. In addition, training is also a key component in leadership development (Collins Holton, 2004), another factor integral to corporate success. Finally, at the societal level, investments in workforce development through training are often seen as a primary mechanism for national economic development. Indeed, Aguinis and Kraiger (2009) presented several case studies of the role of training in promoting economic development within nations. We live in unprecedented economic times. Companies and government entities today face pressing challenges and opportunities, many of which have important implications for training and development. For example, a few common trends include dealing with an aging and, in many cases, cross-cultural workforce; the retraining of displaced personnel; a new generation entering the workforce with different motivations, expectations, and approaches to learning; access to rapidly emerging technologies that can accelerate or distract from employee development; and the need to develop an adaptive, flexible workforce that can adjust to changes, while simultaneously ensuring that employees have the specific skills they need to do today’s work. To a large extent, problems of unemployment and stagnant economic growth can be viewed as challenges in aligning public and private training efforts with skills needed in future jobs. This paragraph sounds like the problem statement. A properly prepared labor pool attracts and retains employers, helps reduce unemployment, and allows for fulfillment of societal needs. It enables an area to be competitive with other locations (other organisations, states, regions, or countries). However, organisations resources are limited, so smart decisions must be made about where and how funds are allocated (and which policies should be supported) to help in workforce development. Knowledge about what helps and hinders training effectiveness is essential. At the organizational level, companies need employees who are both ready to perform today’s jobs and able to learn and adjust to changing demands. For employees, that involves developing both job-specific and more generalizable skills; for companies, it means taking actions to ensure that employees are motivated to learn. Organizations strive for efficiency and seek competitive advantages. Understanding how best to use training helps a company establish a skilled and competitive talent pool, providing an alternative strategy to finding sources of lower priced but less skilled labor. Too much staff on significance of the study. Simply tell us who is going to benefit from your study and how? Research Objectives 1. To determine what IRC receive from training and development investment. 2. To investigate features of training and Development which help organisations to reap benefits 3. To determine factors that may impact on the effectiveness of training 4. To investigate training facets which are within the training transfer environment. In lieu with answering the above research questions, the study will address the following specific objectives: 1. To identify perceptions of the employees about the over training and development within the company; 2. To identify perceptions of the employees on how training and development proved to be beneficial to them; 3. To identify employees’ competency levels as enhanced by the training and development implemented; 4. To examine how training and development contribute to the individual performance and productivity; 5. To establish the role of human resource management department of its training and development function; and 6. To establish guidelines and solutions to improve training and development. Significance of the Study study on the relationship between training and development and performance and productivity in Entrepot Marketing Private Limited, this study intends to give answer to the following questions: 1. How do Entrepot employees perceive the overall training and development program of the company? Are the activities within the program adequate? If not, in what specific areas do the program is lacking? 2. How do Entrepot employees perceive the overall adequacy of training and development activities of the company? How do this impact the role of the human resource management department? How do Entrepot employees Research Questions align research questions to objectives 1. What are training and development benefits to : IRC Individuals and teams? 2. What features of training and development help IRC reap its benefits (what matters)? 3. What is the relationship between Training and Transfer of training? 4. What are the factors that determine effectiveness of training? 5. What are attitudinal factors that both organisations and employees attach to training and development? Literature Review of a Limited Scope Kraiger (2002:6) Defines training is a systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by employees to perform adequately on a given task or job. It means learning skills and knowledge for doing a particular job and increasing skills required for a job. Key words: Knowledge Webster Dictionary (2012) defines knowledge as the fact or condition of being aware of something or the range of ones information or understanding. It can also be defined as the sum of what is known: the body of truth, information, and principles acquired by humankind Skills This refers to the ability, coming from ones knowledge, practice, aptitude, etc. , to do something well. E. g Carpentry, dance, art. Dictionary. com Attitude Saks and Haccoun (2004) say that in an organization for any role at all, the important qualities which make good performers special are likely to be attitudinal. Skills and knowledge, and the processes available to people, are no great advantage. What makes people effective and valuable to any organization is their attitude. Attitude stems from a person’s mind-set, belief system, emotional maturity, self-confidence, and experience. These attitudes are the greatest training and development challenges faced by many organisations today. Development Arthur et al. (2003) explains that as soon as the basic work-related training is covered it is essential to focus on development for people as individuals – which extends the range of development of knowledge, skill and attitude. By this way development refers to learning opportunities designed to help employees grow in all respect. It is most concerned with shaping the attitudes. Barber (2004) found out that development is not restricted to training – it is anything that helps a person to grow, in ability, confidence, tolerance, commitment, initiative, inter-personal skills, understanding, self-control, motivation and more. Organisations are therefore changing to facilitate and encourage whole-person development and fulfillment – beyond traditional training. Benefits Related to Job Performance Training-related changes should result in improved job performance and other positive changes (e. g.\  , acquisition of new skills; Hill Lent 2006, Satterfield Hughes 2007) that serve as antecedents of job performance (Kraiger 2002). Reassuringly, Arthur et al. (2003) conducted a meta-analysis of 1152 effect sizes from 165 sources and ascertained that in comparison with no-training or pretraining states, training had an overall positive effect on job-related behaviors or performance (mean effect size or d = 0. 62). However, although differences in terms of effect sizes were not large, the effectiveness of training varied depending on the training delivery method and the skill or task being trained. For example, the most effective training programs were those including both cognitive and interpersonal skills, followed by those including psychomotor skills or tasks. Training effects on performance may be subtle (though measurable). In a qualitative study involving mechanics in Northern India, Barber (2004) found that on-the-job training led to greater innovation and tacit skills. Tacit skills are behaviors acquired through informal learning that are useful for effective performance. Regarding innovation, trained mechanics learned to build two Jeep bodies using only a homemade hammer, chisel, and oxyacetylene welder. Regarding tacit skills, Barber noted that the job of a mechanic requires â€Å"feel† to be successful. Specifically, trained mechanics developed an intuitive feel when removing dents—a complex process particularly when the fender is badly crumpled. As a result of informal training, one of the mechanics had a â€Å"good feeling of how to hit the metal at the exact spot so the work progresses in a systematic fashion† (Barber 2004:134) Benefits Of Training For Organizations Swanson cited by Arguins and Kruger (2009: 8) postulates that Fewer than 5% of all training programs are assessed in terms of their financial benefits to the organization. The picture changes among companies recognized for their commitment to training. Specifically, the majority of organizations recognized by ASTD for innovative training programs measure training impact at some level of organizational effectiveness (Paradise 2007, Rivera Paradise 2006). Typical organizational performance measures in this latter sample include productivity improvement, sales or revenue, and overall profitability. Overall, research regarding organizational-level benefits is not nearly as abundant as the literature on individual- and team-level benefits. Not only have there been relatively few empirical studies showing organizational-level impact, but those studies that have been done typically use selfreport data and unclear causal link back to training activities (Tharenou et al. 2007). Benefits Related to Organizational Performance Several studies conducted in European countries have documented the impact of training on organizational performance. Arag ? on-S? anchez et al. (2003) investigated the relationship between training and organizational performance by distributing a survey to 457 small and medium-size businesses in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Portugal, Finland, and Spain. Organizational performance was operationalized as (a) effectiveness (i. e. , employee involvement, human resource indicators, and quality), and (b) profitability (i. e. , sales volume, benefits before interest and taxes, and a ratio of benefit before taxes/sales). Results indicated that some types of training activities, including on-the-job training and training inside the organization using in-house trainers, were positively related to most dimensions of effectiveness and profitability. Ubeda Garc a (2005) conducted a study including 78 Spanish firms with more than 100 employees. This study related organizations’ training policies (e. g. , functions assumed by the training unit, goals of the training unit, natureof training, and how training is evaluated) with four types of organizational-level benefits: employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, owner/shareholder satisfaction, and workforce productivity (i. e. , sales per employee). Results suggested that training programs oriented toward human capital development were directly related to employee, customer, and owner/shareholder satisfaction as well as an objective measure of business performance (i. e. , sales per employee) Research Methodology Research methodology is the logical plan of the processes to be conducted in a research. Lichtman (2006:219) defines methodology as the various techniques, methods and procedures used in conducting research. McNeill (1990:14) concurs when he says that methodology is the theoretic study of the logical basis of research of collecting data, interpreting and analyzing the findings. Therefore research can be understood to mean the layout and detailing of the research processes. Qualitative research is that component of research that has as a starting point being the manner in which the insider regards social proceedings. This serves to create profound elucidation and comprehension of human life, behavior or experiences (Leedy Ormond 2001). Description, understanding and interpretation are key traits of qualitative research. Research Design The research design is the entire strategy one adopts when approaching the central research problem (Leedy Ormond 2001:91; McNeill 1990:14). The design depicts the broad layout of the procedures to be followed by a research including the data collected and the data analyses conducted with a view of generating answers to a research question. This research will employ a descriptive research design. According to Saunders et al (2007:34), a descriptive research design is a form of a formal study. It describes a particular phenomenon and portrays an accurate profile of persons, events or situations. Moreover, it serves a variety of research objectives which include answering the questions who, where, when and how? As such the research will employ qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. There will be use of both questionnaire and interviews to be administrated to the IRC employees and Management. The questionnaires will explore information from the employees while the interviews will explore information from the management. Research Strategy Related to the above, a case study was used for the purposes of this research. Many authors agree that a case study gives a detailed description of the phenomenon at hand in this case the impact of Training and Development at IRC. Case study focus on one aspect (Impact of training and development) with a view of providing an in depth account of events, relationships, experiences or process occurring in that particular incidences. The main reason why the case study was used for the purpose of this research is because it blends well with the needs of a small scale (IRC) and it allows the researcher to use multiple services and multiple methods as part of investigation and therefore validity is high. Case studies are often used to reveal some information about a usually hidden or unknown phenomena or when little information exists about it. Population According to Leedy and Ormrod (2001:188) population is the totality of persons, events, organizational units, records or other units subject to sampling with which a research problem is concerned. In other words population refers to the broad group or entity whose characteristics are under study. The population for this study will constitute primarily the employees and management of IRC in Zimbabwe. The population consists of approximately 35 employees and 5 management staff. Sampling Sampling allows conclusions to be drawn about the entire population without needing to talk with everyone in the population as such since all employees are many and cannot be accessed all with the given research time, a sample was drawn mainly from all programme departments. A combination of stratified sampling and quota sampling were employed. Stratified sampling is used mostly if the population is heterogeneous such that using other sampling methods like simple random may result in a single stratum dominating the sample (ibid: McNeill 1990:38)Stratification was employed by dividing employees into their respective programme departments and the quota sampling was employed through the grouping of respondents by gender so as to ensure that the sample reflects a population of relative proportions of people in different categories for example gender and age groups as already alluded to. Sample Size Determination The industrial standard method was used to determine sample size as it frequently used in non probability sampling especially the quota sampling which was used in this research as highlighted above. According to Dyck and Smither (1994:146) the frequently used sample size is 10% of the selected population. Data Collection Both primary and secondary data would be collected in this study; the data shall be both qualitative and quantitative. Primary data is data collected by the researcher for the research at hand whereas secondary data is data that already exists in various forms and publications not originally collected for the study at hand (Saunders et al, 2004). Qualitative data is non-numeric and expresses the respondents’ perceptions, feelings, observations, experiences and in some cases fears or concerns about the phenomenon. Quantitative data on the other hand is numeric in nature and tends to quantify objects or units under observation in other cases quantitative data can be used to express the number of times an event occurs. In this study for primary data the researcher shall conduct personal interviews and administer questionnaires to the IRC employees. For secondary data, the researcher would consult the IRC online library, bullets and other information/ communication sites. Personal Interviews Personal interviews would be conducted as a way of triangulation; thus addressing the shortcomings of questionnaires. The researcher will select conducive time and place to personally solicit information from the selected segments of the population in their natural environment. A list of open ended questions would be administered in order to probe the participants to bring out their opinions on the information sought and control the flow of the interview respectively. Personal interviews carry the advantages of enabling the interviewer to notice particular reactions and thus eliminate confusion over the questions asked; the interviewer can also pick up non-verbal data like dread or fear and flexibility among others. This method is time consuming and inherent with interviewer bias as facial expressions may influence or affect the response by the participant. Questionnaires Self-administered questionnaires shall be used in this study and these would be targeted at key informants within the IRC employees. Questionnaires reach wider or scattered populations, eliminate interviewer bias, are cost effective as no interviewer is necessary and they maintain anonymity. This method affords the respondent time to answer in the comfort of their homes or offices and more so, they can refer to appropriate literature. Questionnaires however need to be constructed carefully lest many questions remain unanswered and lack of control over the response date results in low response rates. Furthermore, questionnaires require a degree of literacy among the participants. Pre-testing The pre-testing of the research instruments would be conducted before the actual data collection in the study area. The merit of pre-testing is to help to check the relevance of the instruments and expose problems related to their design prior to the actual data collection. Data Analysis The raw data collected would be analysed using Microsoft Excel. Quantitative data would be presented in tabular or graphical forms for ease of analysis. For qualitative data similar themes would be grouped together and the data analysed using qualitative measures. The information acquired would be evaluated against the stated research questions or objectives so that generalisations about the population could be made. Ethical considerations The researcher will adhere to the following ethics while conducting the research: a) Informed consent In carrying out the research, the researcher will put into cognisance the right of the respondents to be treated with dignity and respect they deserve. The researcher will seek permission from the all respondents who provided (will provide)information presented in the research. All respondents were aware of the intended use of the information collected. Use either past or present tense and not both . b) Privacy/confidentiality In order to maintain privacy and confidentiality of the respondents no names or form of identification of the respondents will appeare on the questionnaire.

The Billion Dollar Man Bill Gates Essay Example For Students

The Billion Dollar Man: Bill Gates Essay Ever think about paying cash for your house? How about your car? You would probably consider it if you carried that kind of cash just in your wallet. Wouldnt you? Just picture walking down to the nearest bank and saying Id like to cash my paycheck.Oh and by the way, I need 100 million in 1000s, and the other 100 million in 100s.thanks! This is probably the norm for a man named William Henry (Bill) Gates III, who is currently the richest man in the world with over 44 billion dollars in worth. Bill Gates was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. Bill was the only son and the middle child of William and Mary Gates. He had two sisters, Kristianne and Libby. Bill nickname growing up was Trey because of the III after his name. Bills childhood was somewhat uneventful until his second year at Lakeside Private School, which his father insisted he attend. The school had contracted with General Electric to time-share a computer mainframe. The school received an ASR-33 type teletype machine to interact with General Electrics Mark II time sharing system. This system costed the school about $89 a month and $8 per hour for time on-line. Gates quickly ran bills in excess of $2000 a month with his friends. This great amount of time on the computer soon resulted in Bill surpassing all his teachers knowledge about computers. With this knowledge Bill and his friends formed a group called the Lakeside Programming Group or LPG. It was in this group that Bill Gates would meat future co -founder of Microsoft, Paul Allen. We will write a custom essay on The Billion Dollar Man: Bill Gates specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Before starting college at Harvard University, Bill was busy figuring the costs of building a personal computer. He had seen ads in Popular Science Magazine for Intels latest processor the 8008 which costed about $860. The computer was not complete before Bill left for college, but would later occupy a major portion of his time. After Bills freshmen year, he got hired in the summer to work for Information Sciences Inc. (ISI), where he developed a useful payroll program that also debugged programming code. Meanwhile in his spare time Bill and Paul continued to work, eventually finishing a project, which calculated traffic on a given road called Traf-O-Data. This was sold to the city of Seattle. Soon after this, Bill and Paul would develop a better version of BASIC for the Intel 8008 processor. Bill wanted Altair, the maker of the processor, to purchase a license for his BASIC.Since Altair wanted some additional features, Bill then brought in Ric Weiland who helped in the additional de veloping of the software. These changes were ready to run in July of 1975 and Micro-soft was born. Micro-soft which soon dropped the hyphen from the name, now was receiving contracts from all the big manufacturers such as Intel, Motorola, Commodore, and General Electric. These contracts resulted in Bill being to wrapped up in filling the demands that he left Harvard after finishing 6 semesters. In 1978 Microsoft moved its operations to Redmond, Washington, where it has constantly expanded its campus. In 1980, IBM came to Microsoft to find an operating system for their new PC computer line. The two companies worked together to start the modern PC era that we know today. Bill recently married co-worker Melinda French on January 1, 1994 after a long hiatus as the richest bachelor in the world. Now he is just the richest married man in the world. Bill knew exactly what to market and how to market it. He realized what computers could do for society and utilized the idea. .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .postImageUrl , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:hover , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:visited , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:active { border:0!important; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:active , .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84 .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e801327d079e60742039e1e42e0ee84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: With the help of a Union Victory during the Civil EssayOverall by looking at Bill Gates road to success we can see just how determination, long hours, and hard, hard work can pay off. Bill Gates is the genius behind perhaps the most powerful private company in the world, Microsoft. By simply looking at these accurate statistics from an Internet source of mine we can see just what his genius has earned him:Tue Feb 10 20:26:43 EST 1998 Microsoft Stock Price:$159.25 Bill Gatess Wealth:$44.959500 billion U.S. Population:269,138,380 Your Personal Contribution:$167.05These numbers truly show how William Gates IIIs intense work ethic and vision makes him a role model for any c omputer entrepreneur.

Slave ship essays

Slave ship essays Throughout the reading of Slave Ship by Charles Ball, many images came to mind. Ball seemed as if he wanted the reader to understand that slaves suffered terribly even before they were sold off to be even more persecuted by their owners. Even though he told his story as if it was too painful to express himself personally, Ball used very strong words that would let the readers imagination get his main points across. In this passage ball also uses voice and tone. The passiveness shows how he wanted to make the whole togetherness of his people aware to his readers. He didnt single his own pains ans suffering out. I sensed that the author was trying to generate a feeling throughout his story that would make the reader feel the amount of pain that everyone of the slaves on the ship went through. Charles Ball was a black man who lived in Africa in the mid 1500's. Ball like many other African American in this time period were captured in Africa and forced on slave ships to be sold. It was torture being on that slave ship for ball and the others for one reason the living conditions were very bad. As ball said she was full of black people, who were all confined in dark and low place, in irons(Ball 79). Everyone on the boat was treated like animals in an inhumane way. The crew care nothing about there needs or well being. Being captured in Africa and being placed on the slave ship was a tramatizing , life changing, and horrific journey for Ball and the other thousands of African Americans. Everyone on the ship had to be chained up. This made it official that their freedom has now been taking away from them within hours. They now became prisoners. The lifestyle that they were used to live was now over. When the woman where first chained first chained by the crew. The crew members took their babies and threw them off the side of the boat and into the ocean. Some mothers jumped into the ocean to resc ...

Mistrust vs. Distrust

Mistrust vs. Distrust Mistrust vs. Distrust Mistrust vs. Distrust By Maeve Maddox A reader wants to know if there is a difference between the words mistrust and distrust. The short answer is, â€Å"No.† As verbs, both distrust and mistrust mean, â€Å"to be without confidence.† As nouns, both distrust and mistrust mean, â€Å"lack of trust or confidence.† The Google Ngram Viewer graph shows distrust as the more common of the two words since 1800. When I entered various phrases, the ones that began with distrust were more common than the ones with mistrust–with one curious exception: â€Å"mistrust my wife† was more common than â€Å"distrust my wife.† And neither â€Å"mistrust my husband† nor â€Å"distrust my husband† brought up any results at all. I predict that mistrust will eventually drop out of general use. I base my prediction on the fact that a red squiggly line appears under mistrust when I type a phrase with it into the Google search box. Another clue is that the search results come up prefaced with the question, â€Å"Do you mean distrust?† The only possible distinction I can discern between mistrust and distrust is that mistrust is a slightly â€Å"softer† word that may imply some doubt that the lack of trust is justified. Here are some examples of current usage of these synonyms: Marilyns insecurity made  her mistrust  everyone. Gen Halvorson cant resist reaching out to the little boy, despite his fathers obvious mistrust of her talents and her motives.   Politics has become static in America, and Americans  have always distrusted politicians.      I  distrust those  people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires. –Susan B. Anthony   Research has found we  distrust those who  are mean with their money. Cynicism  is an  attitude  or state of mind characterized by a general distrust of others motives believing that humans are selfish by nature. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†Empathic or Empathetic?

Finite element method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finite element method - Essay Example Consequently every computer program based on finite element analysis technique has some shortcomings because of the unresolved errors. Another important reason behind the errors which occur in the results is the incorrect operation of the software program by the user and mishandling of the data. The users of these software programs commit frequent mistakes in the selection of right type of program for analysis. There is a wide variety of possible mistakes which a user can make while using these software programs. These mistakes include the choosing an incorrect element, using a poor mesh, ignoring the key mechanical properties of members such as yielding and buckling, inputting incorrect end conditions is also one of the most frequent mistakes that the users make. There is always a difference between the actual behaviour of the structure and the simulated behaviour in computers. A computer program cannot replicate the actual behaviour of the structure, no matter how expensive it is and how efficient it is in its working and display of results. The outlook of computer programs, the innovation and the quality achieved in the graphical display have successfully concealed the inefficiencies in the operation. The users are satisfied with the graphical display of the interface and the way the results are presented and blindly rely on the results obtained from these programs. The finite element method of analysis has created unmatched possibilities in analytic process; however it is not the best option to use in all cases. At times, there are other easier and more accurate approaches to solve problems; computation of stresses using simple flexural formulas instead of three-dimensional finite element analysis is one such example. There are situations when experimental results are required to find out the material properties involved in analysis, in

Pragmatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pragmatics - Essay Example Characterization of polite language includes careful selection of words as well as the reconstruction of the speaker’s communicative intentions through the use of logic practical reasoning (Brown 8). The use of honorifics due to the presence of complex strata within societies in order to impersonalize people as well to further elaborate politeness is another feature seen in polite forms of languages. Also, the concept of face, or the public image of the speaker as he or she perceives it and how everyone else recognizes it, becomes a motivation to be polite at all times, as seen through the eyes of other cultures (Grebe 6). By projecting a positive image of their selves, people are able to communicate effectively in such a way that they get what they want and at the same time are able to maintain their good public images by their careful selection of words and actions. Strong motivation to do as such is a key point in the use of polite forms of language, which is a reason why it still persists up to the present (Brown 23). Depending on the quality as well as the type of social relationship between the speaker and the listener, the style of speech would also be adjusted accordingly (Carter 170). Politeness with regards to speech stems from the different hierarchies within a culture, and by not using respectful language towards different classes of people, speakers would become the target of stigmatization and persecution by the community (Watts 44). The lack of politeness in speech could also mean life or death in ancient cultures as well which suggests the evolution of polite speech patterns in most languages. Most output suggests that politeness in linguistics also originated from the use of indirections in speech, as well as hints, and by not being outright or the avoidance of blatant speech gives the speaker a more amiable or positive image (Carter 169). This also saves a person’s face, or the clean public image of a

McCarthys power Essay Example for Free

McCarthys power Essay We also see this clearly when the corrupt Putnam ruthlessly and heartlessly kills off his neighbours to buy their land, using his daughter and Tituba as mediums to accuse people with and feeding names into their mouths, as he does with the words, Sarah Good? Did you ever see Sarah Good with him (the devil)? Or Osburn? Before his daughter Ruth has even admitted to witchcraft, he spreads the word of witchcraft, cruelly calculating his next move. The words, That is a notorious sign of witchcraft, a prodigious sign, indicate his joy at the opportunity to make some money and settle some old grudges. His disregard for his daughters health is yet another example of his lack of humanity. Parris is equally selfish and cold. When questioning Abigail about her dancing in the woods, Parris proceeds to say, I must know it now, for my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it you must understand I have many enemies there is a faction sworn to drive me from my pulpit, like Putnam lacking any concern for Abigail. It is clear that people like Danforth, Parris and Putnam arent in the business of helping Salems society, as people of their status should be, but in furthering their own possessions. Without these individuals keeping order and maintaining justice in the town, all of the old grudges and petty grievances are allowed to run riot and influence the proceedings in court, as we see when Ann Putnam accuses Rebecca Nurse, arguably the most respected person in the town, of killing her babies. This is also an example of how little scientific knowledge was available at the time, and how eager people were to place blame on other people. Aside from the few individuals with integrity, like Proctor, Corrie and Rebecca Nurse, the rest of Salems society will sacrifice others to safeguard their name in the town. When questioned by Hale, Abigail seems to instinctively play the innocent child which the audience knows she is definitely not, an example of dramatic irony. Im a good girl! Im a proper girl! These words highlight how quick she is to defend herself, and her insecurity about her image and reputation in the village. Once she is safe, she proceeds to shift blame onto others, like Tituba. She tried (to make me drink the soup) but I refused She made me drink blood! Abigail realises her word is taken over Titubas because of the racial prejudice at the time the play is set in. People like Abigail, Parris and Putnam arent afraid to use this discrimination to their advantage, which only serves to kill more people, or to ruin their lives. It is ironic that one of the few admirable qualities that are found in the town is the reason that so many people die. Ultimately, people like Hale and Proctor realise that it isnt being seen as a good Christian or letting people think you are innocent that matters, but knowing yourself that you are innocent and have nothing to fear. It is this that convinces them that everything should be done to protect your innocence, even giving your life, in Proctors case. People like Proctor and Reverend Hale are purified by Danforths crucible but for the wrong reasons. While Danforths words, We burn a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment, would appear to be correct, they are ironic, in that the only way the truth comes out is if innocent people die first These men, along with the many others who are convicted, struggle long and hard with the decision of confession and lies versus integrity and righteousness. For others like Rebecca Nurse the choice is already decided, as her words, Let you fear nothing, another judgement awaits us all, suggest. She is firm in her belief that they will be repaid by God for maintaining their innocence. Johns dilemma is much worse, as he has family and children to worry about, and his name is ruined in the village already, as news of his adultery charges would have circulated. The impact of outpourings like, I lie and sign myself to lies! I am not worth the dust of the feet of them that hang, gives you the feeling that he realises the complexity of his situation, and that he is trapped either way. The real problem to him is that he believes it is his fault. Elizabeths last line, He has his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him, lets you know that she understands his choice and she respects and forgives him once again, which is ultimately what he wanted. The society has the ability to let innocent people die, not only because they are loyal to themselves and no one else, but because these people are willing to die for what they believe, or what they want, in Proctors case. There are many other people in the village who try to speak their mind, and do what is morally right, but whose aspirations are crushed by the opposing factors, like Parris, Danforth and Abigail. Mary Warren is a good example of this, as she hides from her fears, but then confronts them, only to be brought to her knees by the sheer callousness of Abigail. We can also attribute this to the earlier mention of Danforths interrogation-style cross examining as well, as he repeatedly asks the same question to Mary, Has Mr. Proctor ever threatened you for this deposition? Has he ever threatened you? Has he threatened you? It personifies the disorder of the courts legal system, as if Danforth doesnt get the answer he wants, you will suffer, whether you are right or wrong. Mary eventually caves in to the pressure, condemning Proctor in the process, although sympathy is felt for her, as all of her weaknesses are ruthlessly exploited by the girls, betraying Mary and leaving her with no other alternative. When Mary goes to court, she feels as if she is on trial and it is her credibility that is questioned, even though it is she who is accusing the girls, again linking to Hales earlier comment, Is every defence an attack upon this court? Danforth refuses to question the girls, as if they are found to be guilty, his reputation will be ruined and his judgement will be compromised. Instead he turns a blind eye you any damning evidence against the girls, and with the help of Parris, forces people to lie to save themselves, vindicating his decisions in the process. This is revealed when Parris declares, There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning! This is ironic, as Parris church is already burning like Hell as a result of his wayward leadership. Outbursts like this not only show the real character behind Parris fai ade, but they also serve to highlight the way he and Danforth work against the community, with an attitude that only helps the corrupt. Once Danforth has weakened the accuser, he provides them with a way out, as he does with Mary, slowly pushing her to convict Proctor with suggestions like, It may well be Mary Warren has been conquered by Satan, practically putting words in her mouth. His desperation becomes much more apparent when he threatens Mary, You will confess or you will hang, another example of his twisted logic and self-serving nature. This pressure to do what is expected draws parallels to the McCarthy era, when Un-American activities were seen as wrong, and the one person who should represent hope, Danforth in the case of The Crucible, is in fact an antagonist in the whole predicament. This pressure again links to fear, but in this case it is fear of authority that reigns supreme, as there are few people who have the courage to challenge the decisions made by Danforth, and face the harsh consequences. Any Salemites who enter the court are forced to choose between Danforths and Parris version of right, and the Christian right, which, in a just system, should be the same thing. As the play goes on, the audiences antipathy for Parris grows, as they see him twisting the words of others and lying in court to protect himself, hardly the actions people expect of a priest. A prime example of dramatic irony is witnessed as the audience can see straight through Parris false exterior, as he desperately tries to cover up anything that could point to his knowledge of the girls just dancin in the woods. Few Salemites have any knowledge of his ulterior motives, or that anything he does or says is purely for his own well being, and the manner in which he projects himself is a far cry from his real character. Parris attempts to use theology to secure his position in the good books of Danforth and the community, often referring to the Bible during the proceedings in court. He leads most of the society to believe that he is trying to help them and, by lulling them into a false sense of security, he then seizes the opportunity to rid the town of anyone he believes is a threat to himself, or his position. Utilising his status and reputation, he preaches, You should surely know that Cain were an upright man, and yet he did kill Abel, in an attempt to have Proctor convicted. No court can provide unbiased or uncorrupted justice if its own minister is trying to have the defendant killed. His words, The devil lives on such confidences! Without confidences there would be no conspiracy, are ironic but true, as it is he who as kept much greater secrets, and it is he is the devil of Salem. In this sentence he is accusing someone who contrasts greatly with him, Giles Corey. Miller uses Corey to bring humour to the play, but he also stands alongside Proctor and Rebecca Nurse as one of the main symbols of integrity and righteousness. Although he is revealed as a nai ve, slightly puzzled man, he isnt afraid to speak his mind, albeit with some harsh consequences like his wifes death. Unlike Parris, he values his friends, which eventually leads to his death. His response to the choice of betraying his friend or dying is admirable, his integrity clear as he replies, I stand mute. The audience feels a great deal of sympathy and admiration not only for Corey, but also Proctor and Rebecca Nurse who set a great example that, few others follow. There is immense injustice, as the only people who die are innocent, and they are the privileged few who have integrity. Although he cant stop the proceedings in the court, Hale disassociates himself from the fraudulent proceedings in the Salem court, with the statement, I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court, ruining his reputation in the process. His efforts to correct Danforths judgement are brought to a halt, often by Danforth himself who quips, I will have nothing from you Mr. Hale! This again highlights the stubbornness of Danforth, as he refuses to listen to anyone The structure of the play is quite regimented, as there always appears to be a glimmer of hope in each act, but the end of every act ends with chaos. This shows that the situation could never be resolved, as the paranoia and hysteria undermined any efforts to do this. In reality, it was the Salem society that was the devil, as Proctor declares, A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours Danforth! This again shows the humbleness of Proctor, as he has the integrity to face up to his shortcomings, while Danforth would prefer to hide, frantically trying to drown out Proctors words with his own, with the frenetic cry, Take him (Proctor) and Corey with him to the jail! This is another illustration of Danforths cowardice, and his inability to confront his flaws. Proctors earlier quote, God is dead! also serves to show the disorder in the justice system. The people who should represent God, like Parris and Danforth, are now the devils. We see further irony when Danforth states, I will not deal in lies, in a bid to obtain Proctors confession, when in fact, every pardon or conviction was based on a lie. No one can be sure if Danforth believed he was right in doing what he did, but it is obvious that he wasnt right. In contrast, it is more obvious that Parris had a hidden agenda. However, both were responsible for the deaths of innocent people, although it seems that this was the only thing that could bring their reign to an end. One of the reasons Miller wrote this play was to denounce McCarthyism, and the end again draws parallels to this period, as the whole saga only came to an end when someone took a stand against the state. There were very few people who were willing to stand up for their beliefs, not only in Salem, but also during the McCarthy era, which is understandable given the consequences. . Miller projects other figures as unlikely heroes, everyday people like Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey and John Proctor, who have the courage and integrity to admit to their faults, and die for their beliefs. In this era, with the town steeped in anger, vengeance and despair, these individuals stand alone making their achievements even greater. Once a stand had been taken however, the repercussions suffered by the corrupt leaders of these eras were also similar. Danforths power over the public diminished rapidly and Parris walked the highroad, and was never seen again. McCarthys power ceased as well, highlighting again, that a few individuals with a conscience can make a difference, one way or the other.

Euthanasia Essay: Assisted Suicide -- Euthanasia Physician Assisted Su

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚   In her paper entitled "Euthanasia," Phillipa Foot notes that euthanasia should be thought of as "inducing or otherwise opting for death for the sake of the one who is to die" (MI, 8). In Moral Matters, Jan Narveson argues, successfully I think, that given moral grounds for suicide, voluntary euthanasia is morally acceptable (at least, in principle). Daniel Callahan, on the other hand, in his "When Self-Determination Runs Amok," counters that the traditional pro-(active) euthanasia arguments concerning self-determination, the distinction between killing and allowing to die, and the skepticism about harmful consequences for society, are flawed. I do not think Callahan's reasoning establishes that euthanasia is indeed morally wrong and legally impossible, and I will attempt to show that.    Callahan first goes on to state that euthanasia is different from suicide in that it involves not only the right of a person to self-determination, but the transfer of the right to kill to the acting agent (presumably a physician) as well. This right, however, is temporary and restricted to killing the patient only. It is not clear why this temporary transfer makes euthanasia wrong, for if this is wrong, then letting a patient die (in the case where the patient already has the assistance of life-supporting equipment) is also wrong, if there is no distinction between killing and letting die. So, we must return to this argument after addressing Callahan's claims of a distinction between killing and allowing to die.    The argument for the distinction is based on the cause of death. In the classic example of a doctor unplugging life-sustaining equipment, the cited cause of death is disease or... ... I have brought forward considerations that counter Callahan's reasoning against three types of arguments that support euthanasia: the right to self-determination, the insignificant difference between killing and letting a person die by removing their life-support, and euthanasia's good consequences outweighing the harmful consequences are all positive, relevant and valid factors in the moral evaluation of euthanasia. Callahan's objections against these reasons do not hold.    Works Cited       MI: Narveson, Jan, ed. Moral Issues. Toronto: Oxford, 1983.    EI: Soifer, Eldon, ed. Ethical Issues. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1997.    MM: Narveson, Jan. Moral Matters. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1993.    Callahan, Daniel. When Self-Determination Runs Amok, in Hastings Center Report, March-April 1992, pp. 52-55. In EI, pp.409-415.   

Accounting 310 Unit 3db Activity Based Costing & Process Costing

Compare and contrast job order costing to process costing methods. Comparison: These systems are to determine the manufacturing costs of products. Both costing systems combine direct materials, direct labor and overhead which is indirect costs or could be considered a direct cost in the process costing method nonetheless both systems use this in the process of producing products. The manufacturing accountants assign cost objectives to raw materials inventory, work in process inventory and finished goods. These systems are necessary to determine inventory, profit and the units that are sold and the price for them. The cost flows through the general ledger accounts for direct materials, direct labor and overhead is also the same. Contrast: Job order costing is for customized orders to meet the specific needs of a customer. This type of manufacturing doesn’t take place until the customer puts in a request for items. This process involves the company predicting the cost to get the job done, negotiating a price with the customer and then set out a timeframe to start and complete the job order. Wild & Shaw, 2012) Job order costing tracks specific costs to specific jobs it could be a single unit or a small amount of similar units. Records are maintained on a job cost sheet for each job. The job cost sheet shows the customer the job number assigned, product and key dates. (Wild & Shaw, 2012) In essence, job order costing is for companies that produce different products in small amount s. Process costing method focal point is for high volume of one type of product or many similar products. Manufacturing of products takes place through a synchronized process. Processing is based on demand that is forecasted by managers not based on customized orders like job order processing. For example, Avon Products, Inc manufacturing facility is located in a suburb of Chicago and they use process costing method to produce lotion and makeup. Also, worth mentioning is that direct materials, labor and overhead are assigned to departments. It focuses on departmental functions and the job cost sheet tracks cost for units within several related departments. What kind of system works best in what kinds of companies? Job order processing system works best for companies that are producing multiple items that may vary in size or color and is used best for customized production. Companies that produce t-shirts, wedding invitations or airplane manufacturers are good examples of businesses that use this type of system. This system worked well for a previous plumbing company I worked for, the client will tell the plumber the problem, he would then negotiate a price and sometimes the client wouldn’t be happy with the price and he would have to decline the offer or possibly lower his offer. Afterwards, he would setup a time and date to get started and would tell them when he would be finished, however he required his payment upfront sometimes and with larger jobs the client would pay a deposit upfront and he would use that to purchase materials or pay his laborers and the remaining balance was due once the work was complete. Cost processing system works well with companies that have a series of steps that has to be done repetitively in order to complete a task. Companies like Avon that produces cosmetics, Pepsi that produces soft drinks and Hershey that produces chocolate use this type of system. What kind of system makes sense for your company, given that you plan to start with only one version of your product but at some point in the future may offer a variety of options? Since there is a standard design, one type of product at this time the processing cost method would be the best fit so that one product is no different from the other. It will be able to produce large number of units on a continuous basis and all units will pass through a similar process. Wild & Shaw, 2012) This methodology makes more sense for my company because it is producing homogenous products, there is no need for flexibility and a high volume needs to be produced quickly. Each department will be responsible for producing a certain output that will then become input for another department and this will happen in sequence. In the future we will continue with process as well just like with Pepsi and Avon they started out with one product and overtime added additional products to their line of service. References AIU Online. (2010). ACCT310: Unit 3: Process vs Job Order Processing [Multimedia presentation]. Retrieved from AIU Online Virtual Campus. Managerial Accounting: ACCT310-1103B-04 website Job order costing and processing compared. (2010-2011). Retrieved from http://worldacademyonline. com/article/13/271/job_order_costing_and_process_costing_c ompared. html Internal Accounting Engineering: System Requirements, Job Order System. (n. d). Retrieved from http://www. internalaccounting. com/jobcost. Wild, J. J. & Shaw, K. W. (2012). Managerial Accounting. (3rd ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Irwin

Unended War and Intervention in Iraq

Iraqi people might find already immuned of the uproar in different areas in Iraq. The tragedies that were happened more than two decades ago and are still happening nowadays are really marked the history of Middle Eastern conflict. Such bombings, bombarding, invasion, and protests are really taken the big part of the history of Iraq.It was during 1980 when the Iraq tried to invade the Iran, but of course, the Iran did not let it happen(Shalom, 1993). Though the Iraq made its initial success, the people of Iran used their man power as many population they have.At the middle of the 1982, the Iran was triumphant with their goal of pushing out the invasion of Iraq. But considering the fact that Iran has much weaponry, they were able to prevent the moves of the Iranian, and it was year 1988 when the silence screams of the gun and war men were off heard.However, though the war was ended (temporarily), the blame was on the both government of the two countries when in Saddam Hussein was the one who was ruling the Iraq. Letting the bloodshed among Iraqi citizens was considered as one of his callous in leading   his constituents.This was the time when the United States (US) started to intervene so as to help out the Iraq in settling the untapped war that had been started before and to help the people of Iraq to recover from the hell of war and from the ruthless government of Hussein.The US sent military troops in Iraq whereas they created several bases in different regions in Iraq. And nowadays, the US is continuing lurking around the Iraq. They are doing they ‘surge’ (Reuters, 2007) together with the British troupes. According to the report of the Philippine Daily Inquirer (2007), the rush forward being done in Iraq is nearly unsuccessful such that an insurgency is more likely to happen again.The critical condition of the mission of the US in the Iraq together with the British government pertained that war between the Hezbollah and Israel last August 2006 . The war between them was hardly to ceasefire. The criticism of the event is more likely on former Prime Minister Tony Blair since he was the one who refused for a call of an immediate stop fire between the Israel and Hezbollah (Lebanon) in their war last year.I have chosen this event to be use as application in theoretical analysis since this is widely known by everybody and that the lives of the people living in the countries involved are severely affected by the war that is happening.(Part B)The clash between Iran and Iraq seemed more likely though during the early 90s. However, since the Iraq was suffered under the Hussein’s regime, lots of militant groups and civil underground rebels emerged and rebellion took place.And it is in nature of the United State, being considered as the most powerful country in the world, to help, in any way, those who are in depth recovery of the war. But in the case of Iraq, the peace seemed not finding its place. Until now, clashes are stil l going on, but not necessarily war against another nation, but war among civil there.The surgency that the US has been doing and trying to imply in the Iraq, does it really pure surgency? As we all know, the US is one kind of imperialist in the world. Widely, it colonized a lot of country in Asia, explicitly and implicitly. Once one touched the hand of Uncle Sam, you would definitely touch it along the way.The reason why Iraq still has its internal conflict between civilians is not because they rebel with each other, it may probably because of the intervention of the US in their nation. Come to think of it: whose nation would like to handle by different hands instead the hands of its people?Politically speaking, this could be a way of euphemizing the real intention of the US. We could deny the fact that the US wanted to hold more power, and imperialism is the instrument and effective tool for them to accomplish their goal.

Macbeth William Shakespeare To what extent is macbeth a tragic character

Macbeth William Shakespeare To what extent is macbeth a tragic character In Shakespeare‚s ‚‘Macbeth‚ the protagonist undergoes many changes throughout the play. Looking over it we cannot specifically say to what extent of a tragic character Macbeth is, but by segregating it into distinct parts we get a clearer idea of how Macbeth ventures from one polarity to the other. Macbeth is manipulated by others (particularly his wife and the witches), this allows his iniquitously self-centred character hidden within to come alight. Through Shakespeare‚s use of soliloquies we can see that his conscience is conflicted and that his actions are centred on the voices of the external forces. As the play progresses the desires of the main character become self-perpetual eventually leading to his demise. Macbeth is a tragic character. His gradual increasing extent caused by growing negative ambition and greed evidently portrays how such qualities can have an effect on one‚s life.At the beginning of the play Macbeth was displayed as a character with high morality that had an urge to do the utmost best for his king.Erskine Sanford as King Duncan with Roddy McDowall...

Battle of Corunna - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Corunna

Battle of Corunna - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Corunna Battle of Corunna - Conflict: The Battle of Corunna was part of the Peninsular War, which was in turn part of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Battle of Corunna - Date: Sir John Moore held off the French on January 16, 1809. Armies Commanders: British Sir John Moore16,000 infantry9 guns French Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult12,000 infantry4,000 cavalry20 guns Battle of Corunna - Background: Following the recall of Sir Arthur Wellesley after the signing of the Convention of Cintra in 1808, command of British forces in Spain devolved to Sir John Moore. Commanding 23,000 men, Moore advanced to Salamanca with the goal of supporting the Spanish armies that were opposing Napoleon. Arriving in the city, he learned that the French had defeated the Spanish which jeopardized his position. Reluctant to abandon his allies, Moore pressed on to Valladolid to attack the corps of Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult. As he neared, reports were received that Napoleon was moving against him the bulk of the French army. Battle of Corunna - British Retreat: Outnumbered more than two-to-one, Moore began a lengthy withdrawal towards Corunna in the northwest corner of Spain. There the ships of the Royal Navy waited to evacuate his men. As the British retreated, Napoleon turned the pursuit over to Soult. Moving through the mountains in cold weather, the British retreat was one of great hardship that saw discipline break down. Soldiers looted Spanish villages and many became drunk and were left for the French. As Moores men marched, General Henry Pagets cavalry and Colonel Robert Craufurds infantry fought several rearguard actions with Soults men. Arriving at Corunna with 16,000 men on January 11, 1809, the exhausted British were shocked to find the harbor empty. After waiting four days, the transports finally arrived from Vigo. While Moore planned the evacuation of his men, Soults corps approached the port. To block the French advance, Moore formed his men south of Corunna between the village of Elvina and the shoreline. Late on the 15th, 500 French light infantry drove the British from their advance positions on the hills of Palavea and Penasquedo, while other columns pushed the 51st Regiment of Foot back up the heights of Monte Mero. Battle of Corunna - Soult Strikes: On the following day, Soult launched a general assault on the British lines with an emphasis on Elvina. After pushing the British out of the village, the French were promptly counterattacked by the 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch) and the 50th Foot. The British were able to retake the village, however their position was precarious. A subsequent French attack forced the 50th to retreat, causing the 42nd to follow. Personally leading his men forward, Moore and the two regiments charged back into Elvina. Fighting was hand-to-hand and the British drove the French out at the point of the bayonet. At the moment of victory, Moore was struck down when a cannon ball hit him in the chest. With night falling, the final French attack was beaten back by Pagets cavalry. During the night and morning, the British withdrew to their transports with the operation protected by the guns of the fleet and the small Spanish garrison in Corunna. With the evacuation complete, the British set sail for England. Aftermath of the Battle of Corunna: British casualties for the Battle of Corunna were 800-900 dead and wounded. Soults corps suffered 1,400-1,500 dead and wounded. While the British won a tactical victory at Corunna, the French had succeeded in driving their opponents from Spain. The Corunna campaign exposed issues with the British system of supply in Spain as well as a general lack of communication between them and their allies. These were addressed when the British returned to Portugal in May 1809, under the command of Sir Arthur Wellesley. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of CorunnaBattle of Corunna

Public Relations Campaigns Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Relations Campaigns - Article Example They are the key people because even though the impact of the project will be felt by the whole city, those people will receive the first hand impact since they have to relocate their homes and business, suffer losses among other impacts most of which are negative. The theme of this project is â€Å"public relations campaign for the city’s development† and it aims at garnering public support from the city dwellers on the upcoming development project. The message for the above mentioned group is to persuade them to look at the positive impact the development project will have in not only their lives but also the lives of their children in future once this whole project is finished. More business opportunities will be created when tourists start to visit the city in order to view the project or participate in cultural festivals and shows that will be hosted in the completed building that wants to be developed now. There are several ways to reach the public: to have forums with them in their business areas or home locations, door-to-door campaign and especially for those who live in that area that the development project is to come up, media intervention like announcements, discussion programs, posters, and finally meetings with the city residents in halls among other ways (Gregory,

TSCA definitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TSCA definitions - Essay Example he various ways in which one can be exposed to PCBs include breathing air that contain PCBs, eating food that contain PCBs, or touching anything that contains them. PCBs usually remain in the environment for long periods of time, and for this reason, therefore, people can easily be exposed to them when they come in contact with things that contain them. Due to their long stay in the environment, one can easily be exposed to them by coming into contact with the equipment or any other thing that contain them like the, electrical transformers, capacitors, fluorescent lighting fixtures, and appliances. It is recommended by NIOSH that workers should not breathe air that contains 42 or 54% chlorine, i.e. PCB levels higher than 1 microgram per cubic meter of air (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½g/m3) for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. EPA demands that companies that either transport, store, or dispose of PCBs adhere to the rules and regulations of the federal hazardous waste management program. Also, EPA limits the amount of PCBs put into public waste water treatment plants. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a valence state (+6) of the element chromium; there are many more valences of the element chromium. Cr(VI) is produced through an industrial process. One of the bad effects of Cr(VI) to human beings is that Cr(VI) is known to cause cancer. Also, Cr(VI) targets the respiratory system, liver, kidneys, skin and eyes. From the OSAH website we learn that approximately 558,000 workers are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) in the United States. Employees can be exposed to hex chrome in different was including breathing in of dusts, mists or fume, ingestion, or through dermal or eye contact . Wellbeing impacts related with presentation to hex chrome can include disturbance or harm to the skin and eyes.   Direct skin contact to Hex Chrome can bring about undesirable susceptible response known as contact dermatitis. Once an anaphylaxis grows, even concise skin contact can bring about manifestations.

Bad marketing, bad budgeting, and bad customer service can lead to the Research Paper

Bad marketing, bad budgeting, and bad customer service can lead to the failure of a business - Research Paper Example (Mercer, David. 1996; Shim, Jae. K, Siegel, Joel.G, Shim, Allison.I. 2011) A good and healthy business needs a perfect alignment and coordination of these components in order to be profitable. Organization can not exist without its market; all its strategies are based on winning the market. Marketing focuses and revolves around customer’s needs and demands. To any organization customer- i.e. the consumers of its product are everything. They are revenue generating and are the reason for which the organization exists. Marketing emphasizes on a long term perspective of building strong and long term relationships with the customers. The aims of marketing is to reduce down the dissatisfied customers, identify reasons for their dissatisfaction and work on strategies and products that fulfill their demand and needs, keep them satisfied and brings customer loyalty as increased customers lead to increased revenues and profitability. (Mercer, David. 1996) Market research and advertisement are important aspects of marketing. Market research helps the organization to gain an understanding about the environment it operates in and gives an in-depth knowledge about the opportunities and risks which helps the organization in formulating its future strategies for success. Advertisement and promotion on the other hand are other tools to develop or increase brand recognition and increase market share. Other strategies of marketing like after sales services, promotional offers etc. are all ways to win customers for growing revenues and profitability. (Mercer, David. 1996) Budgeting is a tool and technique used for systematic and productive management. Budgeting allocate funds and set targets to achieve a desired outcome. Budgets are created after determining the over all strategies of the company, then these strategies are translated into long tem and short term goals and objectives which provides the basis of budgeting and allocating resources.

Mandatory National Service Debate in the US

Mandatory National Service Debate in the US Many countries require all young adults to serve two or more years in the military as a way of providing security to their country and as a rite of passage as a citizen. The United States however does not. The closest thing to mandatory service is selective service, and until recently that only applied to male citizens age 18-25. The idea of mandatory service has gained momentum in the last few years and many lawmakers have proposed that the United States adopt this policy. Some are opposed to the idea of mandatory military service, and I agree deciding to risk your life in the defense of your country should be a personal choice, not an obligation. However, the Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, Habitat for Humanity, and Teach for America are all programs that supports our country, develops unity, and teaches young adults valuable work skills. The pre-amble to the constitution talks about the responsibility we have as citizens to establish justice, provide for common defense, and promote gener al welfare, and We the People means everyone equally. Most will agree that democracy only works when citizens are involved and unified with a common purpose. John F. Kennedy once said, ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country (Kennedy). Unity starts with equality and equality starts with mandatory national service. It is a simple idea; one or two years of national service should become a countrywide requirement for all young adults as way to build unity, develop a sense of identity and provide a valuable service to their community. Most people can agree that America is more divided than ever; we lack unity and commitment to our democracy. The only way we can effectively unify and regain our sense of community is through mandatory national service. Wars unfortunately bind people together, build a sense of community and provides a common purpose, Veterans of any war share a common experience, the intensity of which creates strong and enduring relationships (Grigsby). However, war is not what binds these people together, it is the sense of service to their nation, community, each other and the greater good. Much like the military, programs like the Peace Corp and AmeriCorps show signs of creating loyalty and unity among participants. These programs bring together people of different races and backgrounds to solve complex problems that face their communities and if not for this program, their paths may have never crossed, Service creates an opportunity to work on problems of public concern and participate in the lives of others whose paths one might otherwise never cross in a structured and supportive environment (Frumkin and Miller). In addition, it garners respect and empathy for others, Some evidence exists to suggest that full-time AmeriCorps members acquire valuable civic attributes, such as cultivating respect for others (Reingold and Lenkowsky). Many great people have said, there is no greater honor than service to your country, and commitment to a cause greater than yourself. Some argue that Americans should not have to earn their citizenship through mandatory service and is a violates their freedoms or a form of slavery; even if they choose how they serve. Many leverage the 13th amendment in opposition to mandatory national service, which states, Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist in the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction (Pauwels).ÂÂ   I agree that our constitution affords us this right, and many other rights; the right to free speech, freedom of religion and the right to pursue life, liberty, and happiness. However, I feel that with these rights comes responsibility. The responsibility of all citizens to support and defend our constitution, be active in our communities and be involved in the democratic process. Today two things represent citizenship in America, voting and paying taxes. A government of the people, for the peopl e and by the people certainly implies more commitment. Others believe that mandatory service delays education and work opportunities. However, I contend that national service provides both. Many of the programs available provide current volunteers with opportunities to learn valuable life and work skills that will only enhance their education and growth, One benefit of national service it thus thought to reside in its ability to open up the minds of young people to the full range of life choices available to them. While they may think, they are working for others, they may end up learning about themselves (Frumkin and Miller). There is no greater life experience than witnessing and understanding the struggle of others. Regardless of our position on mandatory national service, I think we can agree that it is vital to maintaining unity, equality, and our democracy. Mandatory national service ensures We the People are involved in protecting the freedoms we enjoy as Americans. In addition, the life skills, and the opportunity for young people to see issues from a different perspective only enhances the long-term education of our youth. I will agree, there are some issues with mandated national service, like mandated military service. As I stated before, the decision to risk your life for your country should be a choice one makes, not an obligation. However, believe that all Americans should be required to serve at least one or two years in other programs that support our country and protects our democracy. References Frumkin, Peter and Brendan Miller. Visions of National Service. Society 45.5 (2008): 436-443. ProQuest. Web. 20 Dec 2016. Frumkin and Miller discuss how national service has alternatively been a way to promote an active and engaged citizenship, accelerate personal growth, social capital and meet critical social needs. Grigsby, Carol A. Binding the Nation: National Service in America. Parameters 38.4 (2008): 109-123. ProQuest. Web. 14 Dec 2016. Grigsby discusses how soldiers have a connection to each other because of war, a life-long bond because they have seen and experienced the same thing. Kennedy, John F. Inagrual Address. 1961. Web. 22 Dec 2016. . Kennedys inaugural address discusses issues that face all Americans regardless of party, and how we only succeed if we work together. Pauwels, Andrew M. Mandatory National Service: Creating Generations of Civic Minded Citizens. Notre Dame Law Review 88.5 (2013). ProQuest. Web. 20 Dec 2016. Pauwels discusses the legality of mandatory service and articles of the constitution that specifically address involuntary servitude. Reingold, David A. and Leslie Lenkowsky. The Future of National Service. Public Administration Review 70.S1 (2010): S114-S121. ProQuest. Web. 20 Dec 2016. Reingold discusses the pros and cons of national service and leverages several studies to show the benefits and issues with AmeriCorps.

Accessorize Your Casual Look Essay -- tone, comfortable, rules, shape

For many women casual fashion is a case of not knowing where to start. The proper sorts of foundation items to create your own signature look can be difficult to pick out. Luckily, getting started is not too difficult, no matter your level of fashion knowledge. The first, best and only hard rule of causal fashion is to start big and work to small. This philosophy means you start with the largest items worn, your clothing. Work up to the accessories like shoes and bags. Finishing details like jewelry and makeup are the small items. They are added last and should not be the centerpiece of the outfit. Begin by taking a look at your skin tone and hair color. Are you warm or cool? An easy test is the gold or silver check. If gold suits you, you are warm. If silver suits you, you are cool. This is true no matter how dark or light skinned you are. Cool toned people will look best in silvers, blues, grays, pastels, off-white, purples and spring greens and earth tones. They are the colors of nature in spring and winter. Warm toned people carry off reds, true whites, yellows and oranges, g...

Discrimination Against LGBT Essay

To millions of Americans, the right to equality is being violated because of their sexual orientation. Federal and state Constitutional amendments that define marriage as between a man and a woman deny gay Americans these rights. These rights were/are violated when certain states ban gay marriage by law, when opposing gay marriage is based on religious views, and when pursuit of happiness is taken away from a gay american. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution both give Americans the rights of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. People who are LGBT are not getting treated equally and are even being discriminated in some cases. The fourteenth amendments states that there should be Equal Protection under the law. It protects individuals from arbitrary discrimination by government officials. In the map of the U.S. which showed which states allow gay marriage, only twenty one states allow some form of domestic partnership (â€Å" Current Status†) and the rest of the states ban gay equality. As a country, equality is banned by law. The democratic ideal of equality was violated in this case. In the first amendment, it states that there should be freedom of religion, which includes freedom from religion. This is the separation of church and state. In an interview with president Obama, it said in 2004, Obama cited his own views saying that christian marriage was between a man and a woman (â€Å"President†). This shows that sometimes opposition to gay marriage is based on religious groups’ agendas. In the first amendment, the establishment clause says that government cannot favor one religion over another. They should not make laws that ban gay marriage just because of one religion. In the declaration of independence, it says that pursuit of happiness an unalienable right that the people have. The pursuit of happiness means â€Å"The right to pursue any lawful business or vocation, in any manner not inconsistent with the equal rights of others, which may increase their prosperity or develop their faculties, so as to give them their highest enjoyment.† In some cases, if some one was found to be gay, they would often lose their job or lose friends, and they might not be treated the same way as they used to (The Associated Press). In 2001, Dennis and Judy Shepherd were denied the right to the pursuit of happiness because their son, Matthew was stolen in an act of violence because he was gay (â€Å"Obama†). It was pretty hard for Matthew’s parents after such a big loss. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution both gives Americans the rights of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. In these three cases people who are LGBT are not getting treated equally and are being discriminated. All people should be treated equally and should be able to get married.

Falling in Love

Falling in Love â€Å"Hey, hellooo, man what is wrong with you? You have been acting strange lately and I think it has something to do with you falling in love. † Nicole said. â€Å"Yea, falling in love has some weird effects on me. † Kendall responded. The two girls continue to chatter about the effects of falling in love. Falling in love can have a variety of devastating and enjoyable effects such as always have a companion, getting a major increase in self-esteem, and last but no least losing focus in school and schoolwork.One of the most serene effects of falling in love is always having a companion. My friend Kendall used to feel lonely all of the time. You see she was the only one in our clique that had yet to experience falling in love with someone. All of that changed the day she fell in love with her now permant lover. Now Kendall never feels lonely. For example, every single day Kendall’s lover stops by her house just to spend a little time with her. Ke ndall is now in love and not a single day goes by that Kendal even thinks about being lonely.When I finally fall in love I hope to be like Kendall and have a great effect of falling in love like having a companion. â€Å"Man, do you know that I got a D- in Mr. Merjetski’s class? I went and asked him about it and he told me that if I wasn’t so busy falling in love with you and got busy with my schoolwork that I could’ve and would’ve done better. † Falling in love at times can have a negative effect such as losing focus in school and your schoolwork. A few of my friends are in love and their schoolwork is starting to become affected.They spend most of their class time focusing on their lovers instead of their schoolwork. Statistics show that when a high school teenager is in love that their grades in school seem to drop. Falling in love takes a lot of focus and most teens lose focus in school just to focus on falling in love. Self-esteem is self-resp ect. The dictionary defines self-esteem as confidence in your own merit as an individual person. Falling in love can have a very optimistic effect like getting a major increase in self-esteem.Most of my friends that are falling in love or have fallen in love are now more confident in themselves. For example, Rachael had very little to none self-esteem. When she fell in love with her current lover he complimented her everyday for different stuff. He complimented her hair, style, and one time he even complimented the color of the nail polish she had on. After receiving all those compliments Rachael’s confidence of herself slowly but surely began to buildup. Like most of my friends after falling in love my confidence too began to intensify.Falling in love can be an incredible experience with excellent effects like getting a boost of self-esteem, and having a companion. With every good there comes a bad. Falling in love can have some unpleasant effects such as losing focus on sch ool and schoolwork. These are the three effects that my friends have experience in falling in love. So my advice to you is to fall in love, and experience it just as my friends have. Even though falling in love has its ups and downs it is still worth a shot.